Succulent foie gras uye light-as-air blows haisi nguva dzose yakasarudzwa muFrance.
Old France
Kusvikira zuva iro Bastille rakaputika muna 1789, makumi manomwe kubva muzana yevaFrance vagari varimi uye varimi varombo vaidya zvikafu zvakanyanya kunyanya pazviyo. Chingwa chaiva chikuru chekudya kwavo.
Apo zviyo zvezviyo zvakakundikana muna 1788 uye muna 1789, chingwa chakava chakadhura zvikuru zvokuti vaikwanisa chete ndivo vaizokwanise kuzvipa uye, kana zvikaonekwa patafura yako, chaiva chiratidzo chekugara kwevanhu.
Pasina zvokudya zvake zvekudya, munhuwo zvake aive nenzara.
Iyi nzara yenyama uye nzara yekusununguka, egalité, fraternité (l iberty, kuenzana, ukama) ndiyo yakakonzera kuFrance Revolution. Mushure mokumuka, vabiki vazhinji nevaranda, avo vaimbova vashandi vepamusoro vainge vatiza kuParis kana kuti vakaurayiwa, vakazarura mitsuwa uye vakaita zvokudya zvakanakisisa zvinowanikwa kune munhuwo zvake. Zvino mumwe munhu aikwanisa kuendesa muchechi yekutengesa kana yekudyara, ave nezvokudya zvakakura , uye anokwanisa kuribhadhara pasina kubata bhangi.
19th Century uye Haute Cuisine
Georges Auguste Escoffier anoonekwa kuti ndiye muvambi wepamusoro-soro cuisine kana gourmet chiFrench. Panguva yekutonga kwake pane mamwe mahotera makuru muEurope neAmerica muma1880s kusvika 1890, akatanga chirongwa chegadziri umo makikani anobudirira akaparadzaniswa kuva zviteshi zvishanu:
- Chekudya chekudya: Uyu ndiye mutevedzeri anoita kugadzira ndiro dzinotonhora.
- Entremettier: Nyoka uye mishonga zvinogadzirwa nemupiki uyu.
- Rôtisseur: Uyu ndiye chef uyo anotarisira kugadzirirwa kwemahara, zvakakangwa, uye zvakabikwa.
- Saucier: Ichi chinzvimbo chakakwirira chakakonzerwa kune chef uyo anogadzira mashopu akaisvonaka uye masukisi.
- Pâtissier: Chigaro chinotarisirwa kugadziriswa kwezvokudya uye zvekudya, asi kwete chingwa.
Nenzira iyi, pamwe nemudziri wega wega achigadzirira chikamu chechikafu, zvinotora nguva shomanana kudarika kana mumwe mupiki akagadzirira imwe ndiro kubva pakutanga kusvikira pakupedzisira. Nokudaro, kudya kunogona kushandiswa nekukurumidza uye matafura akatendeuka nokukurumidza zvakanyanya (kureva, mari yakawanda inogona kuitwa).
Escoffier yakatanga nzira yakakwana kumasikisi akare kuti kuwedzere kudya panzvimbo pokupfekedza zvinonaka zvayo. Akatorawo varimi vezvokudya uye akazvishandura vachishandisa nzira dzakanatswa dzepamusoro-soro.
20th Century Changes
Hondo Yenyika I yakasimbisa kutanga kwemaFrench echizvino. Kufambiswa kwakagadziridzwa mukati mehafu yekutanga yezana remakore rechi20 kwakapararira fuma uye zvekudya zvekudenga izvo zvaimbove zvakaparadzaniswa.
Hondo Yenyika II yevavengi, avo vakanga vaona kubwinya kwekuEurope kuona nekugadzira, vakagadzira ruzha rwekushanyirwa kwakakonzera kukosha kwekudya kukuru pamutengo wakanaka.
Muma1960, nzira itsva yekubika yakabatsirwa naChristian Paul Bocuse uye vamwe vakasimbisa kutsva, chiedza, uye kujekesa kwekunaka mune rimwe sangano rinozivikanwa sevezvekudya .
Iyi nzira itsva yekubika yakabvisa matanho asina kufanira uye akaoma. Zvokudya hazvina kubikwa kuti zviuraye kuitira kuchengetedza zvakawanda zvekunakidza kwepanyama. Kupisa mhepo kwakasvika pakuziva uye kusimbiswa kwaiva pamusoro pezvinhu zvakashata zvakakosha.
Masizi akaoma akazadzwa ne roux akapiwa bhoti mukuda bhotela, mandimu, uye mishonga yakachena. Saizvozvowo kune izvo Escoffier ainge aita, nzvimbo dzekugara kana dzekudya dzakange dziri kukurudzira nzira itsva "yakachena" yekubika.
Pakazosvika makore makumi mapfumbamwe nemazana makumi mapfumbamwe nemazana makumi mapfumbamwe nemazana matanhatu, zvinyorwa zvitsva zvainge zvasvika pakukwirira kwayo uye vazhinji vanofambisa vakatanga kudzokera ku-high cuisine style yekubika, kunyange zvazvo hurukuro dzechiedza uye nzira itsva dzakasara.
Nhasi French Kitchen
Nhasi, chikafu cheFrance chinokwira mutsetse wakaisvonaka pakati pepamusoro uye zvinyorwa zvitsva . Izvo zvakasara zvakafanana kubva muzana remakore rechi19 ndiro iro chikafu chakanakisisa chinowanikwa kune wese, pasinei nemari yaanowana kana chivako muhupenyu.
Nzira dzakashata dzemabhasi nemakungwa zvino zvinopa nyika uye vaFrance vanosarudza kurwadziwa kana chocolat kana brioche zuva rega rega. MuFrance, kune munhu anodya munhu wose.
Kuchenjerera kunobhadharwa kunhu, kunaka, uye kuonekwa kwezvokudya. Icho chakachena, chinenge chiri chechitendero, chiitiko chaicho. Chimwe chinhu chaimbove chigarire ikozvino chinhu chezuva nezuva, hupenyu hwehutano.