Caviar yakamboshandiswa sechiguniti muSaloons yeWest West. Mune imwe nguva iyo yaifungidzirwa zvikuru inokosha uye yakakodzera chete kushandiswa kumadzimambo uye yepamusoro. Chii chaizvo chinonzi caviar? Sei ichikosha zvikuru uye ichidhura? Heinoi mazviri pane apo caviar inobva kupi uye chii chinokonzera kukakavara.
Tsanangudzo
Caviar inoreva mazai akadirwa (roe) ehove dzemarudzi, sturgeon.
Caviar inobva kuPezhiya izwi rokuti Khaviar rinoreva "kutakura mazai". Mamwe mazai kubva kune mamwe marudzi (akadai saalmon, paddlefish, whitefish, uye lumpfish) anogona kunyorerwa caviar kana zita rehove richibatanidzwa. Iyo mitatu mikuru mikuru ye caviar, beluga, sevruga, uye osetra, tarisa kune sturgeon marudzi iyo caviar inobva.
- Beluga , mazai makuru, anouya kubva kumarudzi eHuso huso. Huso huso inowanzosvika mapaundi makumi mapfumbamwe nemazana mana kana yakabvunzwa uye inogona kuenzana kusvika 2 000 pounds. 15 muzana yehuremu hwayo mazai. Mukadzi wechikadzi Huso haatakura mazai kusvika kumakore makumi maviri nemashanu uye anogona kurarama kusvika makore 150. Beluga ane fuma yakawanda, yakasviba uye yakashata. Nhamba yaro, zvisinei, ndeyo inoita kuti ive yakakoshesa kupfuura dzose dze caviars.
- Sevruga caviar inowanikwa kuAicipenser stellatus. Izvi zvinyorwa zviduku zvinowanzo pasi pemamiriyoni makumi mashanu. Sevruga ine grey muvara uye ine chimiro chakanaka uye chakasviba chakasimba.
- Osetra (Osciotr), iyo isingazivikanwi goridhi caviar (kana Imperial caviar), inobva kuna Acipenser guldenstaedti. Iyi sturgeon yakakura muhukuru kubva pa40 kusvika ku 160 pounds. Kunyange zvazvo iyo cadiar yendarama inokosha zvikuru, mazai emarudzi aya anowanzonyanya kuchena muvara. Iyo caviar ine unhu hwakasiyana hunhu.
Vagadziri nevatengi
Kuwanda kwekugadzirwa kwe caviar kunowanikwa muGungwa reCaspian, pamwe nevashambadzi vaviri vemuRussia neIran (pamwe chete nenyika dzeAzerbaijan, Kazakhstan, neTurkmenistan).
Sturgeon, zvisinei, haisi mungozi munzvimbo ino. Kune zvikamu makumi mashanu nemakumi mashanu ari kuchamhembe kwehemisphere uye inogona kuwanikwawo muNorth America, China, neFrance.
Vatsigiri vakuru ve caviar ndivo United States (20% yeCaspian Sea exports), Switzerland, Japan, uye European Union (kunyanya France, Belgium, Germany, uye UK).
CITES Kudzivirira
Zvose zve sturgeon dziri pangozi kana kutyisidzirwa nekuda kwekushanda kwekufambisa, kuvhara, kushambadzira kwemasikati, nekurasikirwa kwekugara. Pari zvino, mapurisa maviri chete anorambidzwa kubva pakukohwa, Acipenser brevirostrum uye Acipenser sturio. Mamwe mhando dzakachengetedzwa neCITES. CITES inomirira Chibvumirano Chenyika Dzepasi Pepanzvimbo Dzakagadziriswa Mungozi. Nyika dzinogona kutumira caviar kana dzichigona kuratidza kuti kuita kudaro hakukuvadzi kuhupenyu hwemhuka. Iko Fish & Wildlife Service yeUnited States inofanira kutarisa ma caviar ose anouya kuUnited States. Vadzo forensics laboratories vane nzira yekugadzirisa mhuka uye nyika inotangira caviar.
Malossol Caviar
Malossol inoreva caviar ine munyu muto. Nemazuva ano firiji uye nzira dzekuchenesa, chiyero chemunyu chinodikanwa sekuti kuchengetedza hakusi kwakakura sezvazvaimbove.
American Caviar
Pakutanga kwezana remakore remakore rechi19, United States yaiva imwe yevanyori vakura ve caviar munyika.
Pamusana pekushanda kwekufambisa kwekudyisa, kushambadzira kwekutengesa sturgeon kwakarambidzwa kare kare munhoroondo yedu.
Mazuva ano, kunyanya kuburikidza nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzepurazi, kubudisa caviar kwakadzokera kuAmerica. Mamwe maAmerica caviar akakwirira zvikuru muhutano uye akafananidzwa zvakanaka kune chikamu cheCaspian caviar.