Chokoti ndicho chibereko chenguva refu, yakaoma kunatswa inotanga inotanga nemhondi yemapodhi eTheobroma cacao tree. Theobroma cocoo chaizvoizvo zvinoreva "zvokudya zvevanamwari," uye zita iri rinoratidza zvose zvinonaka zvekudenga zvekotiro uye kuremekedzwa kweMayan uye Aztec tsika dzaive neyekudya uku kwaMwari. Aya mazvarwa eAmerican civil civilizations ndivo avo vokutanga kuti vaone kukosha kwenyuchi yekodo, vachishandisa pods semari uye kushumira mairi mairi akaomeswa semvura pakati pezvikamu zvepamusoro.
Iyo yepakutanga yakasanganiswa yakasanganiswa yakakonzerwa neMayan uye maAztec yakasiyana chaizvo neyedu yakashata, yakasanganiswa mabhodhoro nhasi, asi izvo zvinobva zvose zviri zviviri zvakafanana: hutu hwekakoo .
Cacao
Cacao muti isiti inotonhorera inokura mukati me20 degrees latitude yeEquator. Iko mahombekiti-inobudisa nyika ndeyeIvory Coast neGhana, kunyange zvazvo kune misika shoma shoma muSouth America neAfrica. Kocoo muti unobereka pods gore rose, naizvozvo muti unowanikwa unogona kunge une pods mumatanho ose ekupenya, kubva pamapapiro ekutanga kusvika kumapodhi akakura zvakagadzirira kukohwa. Kune mhando mitatu yecacao miti: Forastero, yakasiyana-siyana uye yakasimba yakasiyana-siyana ine inonaka inoshamisa, Criollo, miti yakashata uye isina miti, ine michero yakawanda kwazvo, uye Trinitario, musanganiswa pakati peForastero uye Criollo iyo inoratidzira unhu hwemiti yose, ine chiyero chekuberekwa kwebhinzi zvakanyanyisa kunhu.
The Process
Chokoti inotanga nekukohwa kwecacao pods . Nemhaka yokuti pods dzinokura mumadhigirii ose ekuibva uye chero nzvimbo ipi zvayo pamuti, kukohwa kwakanyanya kunoitwa nemaoko nematope. Matanho maviri anokosha anofanira kuitika pamberi pekuti cacao inogona kuiswa mukati uye kutumirwa kune mugadziri. Chokutanga, mapodhi akaparadzana kuzarura kocoa nyemba panzvimbo iyo, akapoteredzwa nefruity pulp ye pod.
Izvi zvinowanzoshandiswa kuita zvidhakwa kana mashizha, sezvo ine zvinofadza zvinonaka kunonaka nechokuvaraidza chocolate.
Nyemba nemaspuru zvakatorwa kubva pamapods uye zvakasara kuti zvipfeke mumabhasikiti kwemazuva maviri kusvika masere. Ichi chiito chakakosha, sezvinovirisa mbeu mellows iyo inonaka yehairi uye inopa fruity undertones yemappp. Pasina kupisa, mbesa dzaizova dzakawanda uye dzinorwadza kufara. Mafuta akawanda epamusoro-soro anotora nguva yakareba yekuvirisa, iyo inogona kunonoka mumaruva, maruva anozivikanwa emugumo wekupedzisira. Mushure mekuviriswa, mbesa dzinopararira mune imwe chete uye dzinosara kuti dziome zvachose , kazhinji muzuva rakananga. Inongova mushure mokunge mbesa dzave dzakanyoroveswa uye dzakaomeswa dzikaiswa muhomwe uye dzinotumirwa kune chocolateri vadziki munyika yose.
Mushure mokunge mbesa dzasvika panzvimbo yekugadzira, dzakabikwa kuti dzibudise zvakanyanya chokoti yakasanganiswa uye mavara. Nguva uye kutonhora kwekucheka kunoenderana nemhando yehairi uye mazinga ehuwandu hwemhepo. Mushure mekucheka, mbesa dzinoshandiswa kune anokunda dzinobvisa zvikanda zvebhinzi uye dzinosiya "nibs" -icho chinokonzerwa nehocoa nyemba yakazara necocoa solids uye cocoa butter .
Izvo zvinokonzerwa nehutema hwakasvibiswa, hwakasarudzika hunonzi chokoti doro (nguva inotsausa, sezvo chigadzirwa chacho chisina doro). Iri doro ndiro nheyo yezvinhu zvose zvetikoroti, uye pakupedzisira inotanga kufanana uye kunhuhwira sechocolate yakasarudzika. Doro rinomanikidzirwa kubvisa kocoa bhotela, iyo inosiyira disc powdery inozivikanwa se "cocoa presscake." Muchizha, kana inopiswa, inowanzova kakawanda poda. Panguva ino, chirongwa chokoleti chinopesana zvichienderana nekamukira uye kuumbwa kwemugadziri. Kana chokoti yakaderera, hupukisi hwepulverized huchavhenganiswa nemafuta emichero, shuga, uye mavhiri kuti ave soroti yakashata. Kana chokoleti ichizova yakakwirira yepamusoro, kocoa bhotela ichawedzerwazve kune choroti yewaini, pamwechete nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa sehuga, vanilla, uye mukaka.
Chokoti yakachena inoshandisa nzira yakafanana, kunze kwekuti haina chokoti doro kana poda yekakoco. Chokoti yakangosanganiswa inofamba inotenderera yakawanda yezvikwangwani kuti ishandise maruva asati aenda kumashini ekugadzira.
Kugunzva ndiro danho rekupedzisira mukugadzirisa kunakidza kunakidza nekugadzirwa kwechokoti. Mushonga wokubatanidza, unodanwa nokuti maumbirwo epakutanga akafanana nemabhiza, mabheji uye kushambadzira musanganiswa wekotikiti kwenguva yakareba kubva maawa akawanda kusvika mazuva akawanda. Inokurumidza, kutonhora, uye kureba kwehutano hwekubatanidza hunogadzira kugadzirwa kwekupedzisira uye kunhuvira kwechokoti, sekubatanidza kunotapira chokoti uye mellows chero toni tatosi yakasara. Mushure mokusangana, chokoti inonyoroka mumichina yakakura inopisa chokoti kuti ishandiswe zvakakwana kuitira kuti ibudise shina, mabhanhire anotsetseka. Pakupedzisira, chokoti inodururwa muzviputi, yakaputirwa, uye yakagadzirira kutumira kune vanotenga vese munyika yose.