Cheese kubva ku Prehistoric Milk Kuchengetedzwa Kushamba Kwemazuva Ano
Kubudiswa kwechesi yakatangwa kare kwakanyorwa uye yakangowanikwa yakaitika pangozi panguva yekutora mukaka mutsva muzvikamu zvezvipembenene zvakadai semakwai, mbudzi, mombe, uye bhanga. Mumakumi emakore vasati vasvika firiji, cheese yakava nzira yekuchengetedza mukaka. Kunyange zvazvo zvisingazivikanwi kuti kushandiswa kwechizi kwakatanga kuwanika, uchapupu hwekutanga kwechizi uchiita hwakawanda muMiddle East, Europe, uye Central Asia.
Matangi Okutanga
Inofungidzirwa kuti cheese yakatanga kuwanikwa munharaunda ye8000 BC panguva iyo apo makwai akatanga kuvezwa. Rennet, iyo enzyme inoshandiswa kuita cheese, inowanzove iri mudumbu reruminants. Zvironda zvinoputika-zviratidzo uye dzimwe nhengo dzakaita senyuchi dzemhuka dzaiwanzoshandiswa kuchengeta uye kutakura mukaka nedzimwe mvura. Pasina firiji, kupisa kwezhizha yehuni pamwe chete nekugarisa rennet mukati mechipfuva chemukati kungave zvakakonzera mukaka kuti ubereke maitiro ekare epakutanga.
Aya mazamu emukaka akanga akaoma uye munyu wakawedzerwa nekuchengetedzwa kwakanyanya, kubereka izvo zvatinoziva zvino se "cheese." Kunyangwe nekuwedzerwa kwemunyu, mamiriro okunze anodziya aireva kuti dzimwe nyuchi dzaidyiwa zvitsva uye dzinoitwa zuva rega rega. Mavhesi ekutanga echiRoma anotsanangura kuti vaRoma vekare vaifarira cheese kakawanda sei. Vaifarira zvikafu zvakasiyana-siyana, uye cheese yaiita yaive yatoonekwa seutambo.
Vakapa cheki rakaoma kumauto eRoma.
Shoko rokuti cheese rinobva kuShoko rechiLatin izwi rokuti caseus , iyo midzi yaro inotarirwa kumashure neproto-Indo-European root kwat , zvinoreva kuvirisa kana kuva muto.
European Cheeses
Sezvo cheese ichiita kuti zvipararire kumhepo inotonhorera yeNorthern Europe, mvura shomanana yaidiwa kuchengetedzwa, iyo yakatungamirira ku creamier, marudzi akaoma echizi.
Iyi mamiriro okunze anononoka zvakare akaona kuumbwa kwevanhu vakwegura, yakabikwa, uye bhuruu yebhuruu. Mazhinji emasikati atinoziva nhasi (cheddar, gouda, parmesan, camembert) akatanga kubudiswa muEurope munguva dzeMiddle-Ages.
Nhasi Cheeses
Misi yekugadzirwa kwechizi haina kuitika kusvika muna 1815 muSwitzerland apo fesheni yekutanga yekasi yakavakwa. Nguva pfupi mushure mekunge, masayendisiti akawana kuti kuwanda kubudisa rennet uye kushandiswa kwebhizimisi cheese kunopararira semoto wemoto.
Pasteurization yakagadzira chesees yakachengeteka, yakaderedza ngozi yekuparadzira chifukidzo chechifu, salmonellosis, listeriosis uye brucellosis. Kuputika kuchiri kuitika kubva mumucheka wemukaka wakasviba, uye vakadzi vane pamuviri vanonyeverwa kuti vasadye chesees rakatsvuka uye bhuruu-yakasvibiswa cheeses.
NeAmerica yekushandura kwekudya kwezvokudya kwakauya kushandiswa kwecheki yakagadzirwa. Cheese yakatunganidzwa inosanganisira chesi yemasikati nemukaka, emulsifiers, stabilizers, flavoring, uye coloring. Ichi chinodhura cheese chigadzirwa chinovhiringidza nyore uye chisingagumi uye chava chido cheAmerica. Kugadzirwa kwekutengesa cheese zvakagadzirwa munguva yeHondo Yenyika II. Kubva panguva ino, vanhu veAmerica vave vachidya zvakanyanya kushandiswa chezi pane zvisikwa zvepanyama.
Itsva Inotungamirira ne Cheese
Chinhu chakagadzirwa nemaoko chinoshandiswa chekuita chiri kuita kudzoka nenzira huru.
Classic cheese inogadzira nzira dziri kugamuchirwa nevarimi vashoma uye michero yakawanda kudarika United States. Specialty cheese maduka, ayo akambotungamirirwa nevatengesi vekutengesa kunze , iye zvino ari kuzadza nezviyo zvakagadzirwa uye zvakagadzirwa nemaoko.