Pane zvingwa zvina chete zvezvingwa zvezvingwa iwe unoda chaizvo: upfu, mbiriso, mvura, uye munyu. Zvimwe zvose zvinosanganisa zviripo kuti uwedzere kunaka, chikafu, marara, uye kuti uchinje unhu huripo. Kuti uve chingwa chakabikwa chingwa, iwe unofanirwa kunzwisisa zvishoma zvesayenzi yekuti izvi zvinosanganiswa zvinosanganiswa sei kuumba iyo airy, chingwa chidiki nechetete nyoro asi yakasvibira. Heanoi izvo mbiriso chingwa chishandiswa mubatter kana hlama:
Kukura
Runhu inopa chimiro chechigadzirwa. Iyo gluten, kana proteine, muupfu, inobatanidza kuumba webhupu inobata mhepo inoputika uye inogadzirisa. Starch muupfu inogadzirisa sezvo inopisa kuwedzera uye nekusimbisa sarudzo. Mune mbiriso chingwa , tinoda zvakawanda zvekugadzirisa, sezvo inoumba webhu inotapira iyo inobata carbon dioxide uye steam panguva yekubika, kupa chingwa chigadzirwa (inozivikanwawo se 'crumb'). Mafuta uye shuga anobatsira kudzivisa kugadzirisa. Ikoko kune shuga shoma inowanika muupfu, iyo inodyisa mbiriso. Saka kana uine chikafu chechingwa chisina chekugadzira shuga, ndizvo zvakanaka - mbiriso ichave yakakwana kuti 'idye' kubva muupfu. Nguva yekusimudza ichave yakakura.
Chingwa chechingwa chikafu chepurotini yakakura, uye inobereka chingwa chinenge chakakwirira kudarika nokuti ine zvakawanda zvakanyanyisa gluten. Zvingwa zvakagadzirwa neupfu hwechingwa zvinosara kwemaminitsi 10-15 mushure mokumuka vasati vaumba zvingwa kuitira kuti gluten idzoke zvishoma uye bundu rive nyore kushanda.
Hura yechinangwa-zvose inoshanda zvakanaka chaizvo kwechingwa chikuru. Mbeu dzose dzezviyo hadzina guten yakawandisa nokuti kune zvimwe zvinoshandiswa zvakadai sebhanhire uye mishonga inowanikwa pakati pemamorelekisi e gluten. Zvose zviyo zvinowanzosanganiswa nechingwa kana futi yose-chinangwa kuti zvive nani zviri nani.
Fat
Mafuta akazara magutokorori kuitira kuti asakwanisa kuwirirana nyore nyore, zvichiita kuti mutengo wakagadzirwa uwane tsitsi.
Chikafu chechingwa chine huwandu hwemafuta kusvika kuupfu hwakanyanya kunyorova, hausimuki sepamusoro, uye une muromo wakaoma-unonzwa. Mafuta anobatsirawo chingwa, uye anobatsira chingwa chikavara kana achibika.
Shuga
Shuga inowedzera kutapira, uyewo kugovera kune chigadzirwa chacho. Nhengo huru yehuga muchingwa chechingwa ndeyokupa zvokudya zvembiriso. Sezvo mbiriso inokura uye inowedzera, inoshandisa shuga, iyo inogadzira michina ye carbon dioxide nedoro, iyo inopa chingwa chimiro chechimiro. Shuga inofadza chingwa nekudzivirira kuti gluten isagadzikana. Shuga inobatawo unyoro mumuchero wakagadzirwa.
Mazai
Mazai anoshanda ane mbiriso uye majeka anowedzera mafuta nokuda kwechigadziko uye chiedza. Iyo mikoko inoshandawo seyemu emulsifier yezvinotapira uye kunyange kugadzirwa mumuti wakagadzirwa. Apo mazai akawanda mairi anoshandiswa, anowedzera kuvira kwechigadzirwa chakapedzwa.
Liquid
Mvura inobatsira kutakura zvinonhuwira mukati mechigadzirwa chacho, maitiro a gluten zvisungo, uye inopindirana ne starch muproteni yehutano hwakasimba asi huri nyore. Zviratidzo zvinoshandawo semhepo panguva yekubika, zvichiita kuti unyoro hwechigadzirwa. Mbiriso inoda mvura kuitira kuti ikure, kubereka, kuwedzera, uye kuumba nemaitiro anoita kuti chingwa chiwedzere.
Munyu
Munyu unosimbisa gluten, uye inowedzera flavor. Munyu unowedzera zvakanakira. Mune mbiriso chingwa, munyu unobatsira kutarisa zvinoitwa nembeu saka chingwa hachikurumidze kukurumidza.
Yeast
Mhuka ndeye imwe yakasungirirwa, inowanikwa muumhizha wakaoma, pakarepo musanganiswa, uye mararamiro anorarama. Mune mbiriso chingwa, mbiriso inowedzera uye inokura nekushandisa sora iripo iripo uye mvura, ichipa carbon dioxide uye ethyl alcohol (fermentation). Chero bedzi mweya iripo, mbiriso inowedzera.
Muzvokudya zvechingwa apo chingwa chinosimudzirwa kechipiri, unoudzwa kuti 'cheka' pasi. Izvi zvinoputsa masumbu maduku kana makoloni emasero masero kuitira kuti vagone kupinda mumhepo yakawanda uye zvokudya, ndicho chikonzero kuwedzera kwechipiri kunowanzopfupisa kupfuura kutanga kokutanga.
Apo ini ndinogona kuwana zvingwa zvinorarama, ndinofarira kuvashandisa nokuti ndinofunga kuti kunaka kuri nani.
Zvisinei, keke mbiriso inokurumidza kukurumidza, saka ndinoedza kuishandisa mukati mezuva rokutenga. Iwe unogona kusimisa mbiriso yemakeke. Chisarudzo changu chechipiri chinoshanda mbiriso yakaoma, iyo yandinonzwa ine unhu hwakanaka kudarika kukurumidza-kusimuka. Masikati-kusimudza mbiriso yakave yakagadziriswa uye yakaiswa mukati mekudya kwayo, nokuti inodonha uye inoshingaira pakarepo kana yakasanganiswa nemvura. Iyi yembeu inonyanya kukoshesa, asi nokuti kukwira kwacho kwakakurumidza, kwete kunyanya kunaka kunobva pakuvirisa.
Sourdough breads inomirira mbiriso uye mabhakitiriya starter (musanganiswa weupfu, mbiriso, mvura, mabhakitiriya) kupa huni hunokosha hwevhu. Iyo bhakitiriya inoderedza pH yechingwa chechingwa, iyo inowedzera kunakidza. Sezvo chingwa chiri chidimbu (pasi pH), chingwa ichi chinogara kwenguva refu kudarika mbiriso isiri yechingwa. Iwe unogona kuita nheyo mukicheni yako usina kuwedzera mbiriso kana iwe ukaita zhinji yembeu yechingwa kubika, nokuti mbiriso dzemasero dziripo mukicheni yako. Kana iwe uri mutsva mukushanda nembiriso, zvisinei, wedzera mbiriso paunotanga.
Uye heino chinhu chinonakidza: San Francisco Sourdough chingwa chinongogadzirwa muSan Fransisco! Masayendisiti akawana kuti mabhakitiriya ari muchingwa aive ekare kunharaunda yacho, uye mbiriso yemusango yekuzvarwa kuSan Francisco ndiyo yerudzi bedzi yaizokura nebhakitiriya yakakosha. Kusanganiswa iko zvino kwave kugadzirwa muguta iroro uye kutumirwa kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika kuitira kuti iwe ugone kuita San Francisco munyu wechiri mumusha mako, asi mabhakitiriya akadaro uye mbiriso haigoni kukura mukicheni yako yekumba, sezvavanoita kune vatambi vemazuva ose.