01 yegumi
Muzambiringa Wemizambiringa Kukohwa
Muzambiringa Wemizambiringa Kukohwa Nyaya paArtesa Winery muNapa. Justin Sullivan / Getty Images Minda yemizambiringa ndiyo inonyanya kutsvaga pakuguma kwemiti yemizambiringa yega yega yega mazambiringa. Minda yemizambiringa yakafanana nehombodo dzewaini, uko mavambo ekutanga mazambiringa anotanga uye anobudirira, nokuti zvose waini inodhakwa chaizvo pamuzambiringa. Munda wemizambiringa, nzvimbo yemamiriro ekunze, nzvimbo, dongo, mizambiringa uye rootstocks, irrigation systems uye disest management inodzora zvose zvinosvika mumiti yekupedzisira neimwe nzira. Kusvikirwa kwezuva uye nguva pamuzambiringa zvose zvinotora basa rinokosha mukukura kwemazambiringa uye mazinga ehuga chaiwo.
Winemaking inotanga nekukohwewa kwemazambiringa gore negore uye inogona kuitwa nemichina yekukohwa magetsi (inowanzo nyore kune minda yemizambiringa inenge iri pasi yakareba) kana kuti kukohwa maoko. Kukohwa-ruoko kunopa kusarudzwa kwakanyatsonaka uye kazhinji kunoita basa rakanaka rekudzivirira mazambiringa emuchero wehuyu kubva kuhujidhi pamusana pematehwe akaora. Vashandi vemagetsi vanopa hunobudirira zvakanyanya, kakawanda hunodhura, hunoita uye hwakakodzerwa neminda yemizambiringa mikuru iyo yakange iri pamba yakazara yepasi. Rudzi rwekukohwa - kusarudza-ruoko, vatori vemagetsi kana kusanganiswa kwemaviri, inonyanya kuchinjwa neve winemaker yekupedzisira yezvinangwa zvewaini uye bhajeti.
02 yegumi
Crushing and Destemming
Kupwanya uye Kuparadza Phase yeWinemaking. Justin Sullivan / Getty Images Mushure mekunge mazambiringa aibva kukohwa inowanzova dash madzima kuti aite kuti apwaniswe uye aparadzwe. Chinangwa chokupwanya hachisi chaicho chokupedza jisi rose kunze kwemuzambiringa, asi kuparadzanisa ganda rekunze uye kubvumira juisi kutanga matambo ayo, kupa shuga kubva mujisi mukana wekutanga wekubatanidza nemasabata chaiwo akawanikwa pa ganda remuzambiringa. Iko kusanganiswa kwemasabata uye shuga inobereka waini yewaini, kuburikidza nembiriso inoshandura shuga kunwa doro uye carbon dioxide. Iyo "kupwanya" inoitika mune imwe yenzira mbiri - zvakare nemagetsi zvinoreva nesimbi yakakura yakafuridzirwa yesimbi yakawanda kana kuti tsika yepamutemo yaunoona mumafara ose eItaly-themed mafirimu anozivikanwa - mazambiringa anozivikanwa "stomp."
Panguva ino, mazambiringa anogadziriswa akaparadzaniswa kubva mujusi, kana kuti "inofanira" sezvaanotaurirwa panharaunda iyi mumutambo. Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo iyo mazambiringa matsvuku mazambiringa uye mazambiringa mazambiringa mazambiringa anotora nzira dzakasiyana. Kana waini inotarisirwa kuve yewaini tsvuku ipapo mapepa emazambiringa (kwete juisi, iyo yakanyatsojeka) iyo inopa mararamiro emuvara uye michero ye tannin yewaini tsvuku. Zvisinei, kana chinangwa ichocho chichena, ipapo mapepa emichero anobviswa pamwe chete nematanho ari muchikamu chemuitiro uye mazambiringa anomanikidzwa vasati vera.
03 wegumi
Wine Fermentation
Fermentation Tanks izere nePinot Noir. Justin Sullivan / Getty Images Ahh, kuvhenekera - ichi ndicho chikamu mu winemaking process iyo inowanikwa waini inofamba nenzira yayo kusvika pakupedzisira kwayo ... bhodhoro! Iko panguva yekuvirisa iyo mashizha emadhipa anotendeuka kudoro (kunyanya ethyl doro) uye carbon dioxide, pamwe nechinguva chiduku chekupisa kwemafuro kunoda kuongororwa kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwevanhu. Iko kushandiswa kwewaini tsvuku yakawanda kunowanzoitika mumatangi esimbi asina tsvina, zvivharo zvakakura kana bharaki. Maceration ndiyo inowanzobatana - iyo inofanirwa uye mazai emichero ane ruzivo rwepamusoro kuti aite zvakanaka muto wewaini mutsvuku, tannins edzimba uye yakakura yakavhenganiswa zvikamu uye mavara. Kunyanya iwaini yewaini tsvuku inosangana nehombodo dzavo dzemazambiringa, iyo "yakakura" waini inogona kunge iri.
Waini yakaisvonaka inogadzirwa inowanzoitika mumatangi emashizha asingasviki ane mazinga ekupisa anonyatsoongororwa uye mazinga e okisijeni akachengetedzwa zvakasimba (kudzivirira kusvibiswa nokukurumidza). Chardonnay ndeyezvimwewo, vamwe vashandi vanofarira kubata chidimbu cheChardonnay muchisimbiso chemakona oak chekuvirisa kunokonzera kukura.
Kana panguva yekuvirisa mbeu mazambiringa akanga asina kuibva zvakakwana, shuga inogona kuwedzerwa kune inofanirwa kuwedzera doro mumiti yekupedzisira, ichi kuwedzerwa kunonzi "kugoverwa". Saizvozvowo, asidi inogonawo kuwedzerwa kune inofanira kunge kana acidity iri pasi, izvi zvinonzwisisika zvinonzi "acidification." Uyewo newaini yakacheneswa, imwe danho inonzi "kusvitsa mahara" yakawedzerwa. Iyi danho rinosanganisira kusanganisa mbiriso yakasara yakasiyiwa mushure mekuvirisa kuitira kuti zvive nyore.
04 yegumi
Kunyanya
Dhinda. S. Slinkard Kushungurudza, kazhinji kuchiitwa chete mushure mokuputika kwemazambiringa matsvuku uye mushure mekuviriswa kwewaini tsvuku tsvuku, inotora matanda emiti anonamatira akasiyiwa kubva kune zvinopwanya kana kuvirisa uye achivanyima kuti vawane mvura yakaoma zvikuru iyo inogona kushandiswa kuwedzera marudzi ose uye kunakidza kwewaini yekudzivirira kuti ive.
05 of 10
Malolactic Fermentation
Malolactic fermentation ndiyo nzira iyo mabhakitiriya eactic acid anotendesa yakaoma malic acids (funga green green apple pucker) mujisi mulactic acid (funga mukaka wakaoma) kuti muve nemuromo wakanyanya kunzwa uye uye zvakakwana kuvapo kunowedzera kunakidza. Miti yakawanda yakatsvuka inotora nzvimbolalactic kuvigira kuderedza asidi yavo uye imwe yakazara yemavhaini mazambiringa inotumirwa kuburikidza nealalactic fermentation (kazhinji iri mumurongo) kuti iite kuti iwedzere.
06 of 10
Kuwedzererwa kwewaini
Mugove wegodo wakwegura paMontecillo Winery. Stacy Slinkard Chikamu chekutsvaga kwekutsvaga winemaking chinomiririra kutarisa kweimba yewaini yewaini kubva pamuzambiringa kusvika kunwa. Paunofunga nezvekutsvaira kwewaini, zvisingaoneki zvipfeko zvemuoki zvinouya mupfungwa uye nechikonzero chakanaka, zvose zvomuFrench neAmerica, ndiyo inowanzogadzirisa zvirongwa zvekutsvaira. Oki inopa kudzivirirwa, inopa kuvhenganisa uye inobvumira zvishoma kuti oksijeni ipinde nepakati pematanda kuti zvose zvigadzirisise tannin zvakanyanya muwaini tsvuku uye zvigadzire kunakidza kwese muzvitsvuku nemavhinha machena.
Icho chimwe sarudzo yekusimesa isimbi isina tsvina. Iyi sarudzo iri kuwedzera kuve yakakurumbira sezvo iri inert, ine mari nokuti haifaniri kuchinjwa mushure memakore akawanda mukutenderera uye zviri nyore kwazvo kuchengetedza. Kubhadhara nekuda kwekushaya kweioki mumatangi esimbi asina tsvina, vamwe vashandi vanowedzera nzira kuburikidza nekuwedzera oak chips kumusi wekutema kwe "oak effect."
Kutenga ndiyo nzira yekusimudza juisi kubva pane imwe chirongo kuenda kune imwe, iyo inopa miviri miviri inobatsira:
- Muto wacho unoparadzaniswa kubva pasi pevhu, izvo zvingakanganisa zvakanyanya kunaka kwekupedzisira.
- Iwaini inotora zvishoma zveaeration kuti izarure zvinonaka uye inobvumira kufambira mberi mberi.
07 pa10
Kupedza: Fining uye Filtration
Kugadzirisa kugadzirisa kunosanganisira zvimwe zvikamu zvakakosha. Chokutanga, kupedzisa nekushambadzira kwewaini (pamwe chete kunonzi "kujekeswa") kunobvisa huzhinji hwezvinhu zvisingadiwi zvinoramba zvichiri muwaini. Kakawanda mazai evha anoshandiswa muchikamu chekuchenesa kusunga zviduku zviduku muwaini uye anozviyera pasi kuitira kuti apedze pasi pebhari uye anogona kuparadzaniswa newaini.
Kusvibisa ndiyo nzira yekubvisa masheji makuru zvakadai sevakafa mbiriso dzemasero nezvimwe zvikamu kuitira kuti waini isisati yava nemvura, asi yakajeka uye yakajeka, semutengi angatarisira.
08 yegumi
Kuchengeta Waini
Kuratidza waini kubva mubhari. Justin Sullivan / Getty Images Kunyora waini kunogona kunge yakajeka sekutora mawaini maviri akasiyana uye kuvasanganisa pamwechete kuti kuomesa zvinhu zvishoma nokutora zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana kubva munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana uye kuvatanidza kuti vaite waini itsva ine unhu hwakasiyana. Zvichida hazvirevi kutaura, kuti zvinotora ruzivo rwakawanda uye marate akanyatsonyatsogadzirwa kuti abudirire kusanganisa waini yemusika wemusika wepasi rose. Munhu anokunda winemaker anogona kusanganisa waini nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana: kuchinja pH, acidity , alcohol alcohol, tannin zvakagadziriswa kana kuti kuvandudza ruvara, zvinonhuwira kana kunhu.
09 yegumi
Wine Bottling
Wine bottling line. Stacy Slinkard Pakupedzisira, chikamu chekugadzirisa chekukunda - kuguma kuri kuona! Mazambiringa anokonzera mazuva ano anowanikwa kuburikidza nemagetsi ekugadzira mabhodhoro. Miner wineries ingakwanisa kubvaridza mabhodhoro anokwanisa kutakurwa kuenda kunharaunda yegore, asi nzvimbo dzakakura dzine mabhodhoro avo. Sezvo kune chaiyo chaiyo, bhodhoro rewaini rinononoka kuzadzwa uye rakapetwa ne nitrogen kana carbon dioxide kuti ibvise chero okisijeni inogona kuramba ichinge iri pamusoro pemutsara wakakwana.
Bhodhoro racho rinobva ravharwa pamwe chete nekodhi rekodhi kana chemazuva ano , zvichienderana nemitambo yemuorivhi uye mafilosofi. Zvadaro mahombodo ane mavara avo akasiyana-siyana akarohwa uye ari kure kuenda kune mamwe mapfupa ekukwegura kwebhodhoro kana kuti akatarisa pachikwata chokugovera.
10 pa10
Uye Ndizvo Zvakaita Waini!
John Foxx / Getty Images Ikoko iwe unayo, takanyatsotsanangura zvakakosha zvikamu zvekukunda. Kana uine mibvunzo yakajeka kana kuti uchida mamwe mashoko pamusoro pezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana uye zvikamu zvekukunda, iwe unzwe wakasununguka kudonha newaini yewaini.