Dzidza Nezvokudya Mutsvuku

Mhuka ndeyeye-yakaiswa microorganism inokura kumativi ese uye matiri. Inokura kana ine zvokudya uye mvura uye inomisa kukura kana isingaiti. Muchimiro chakasimirirwa, chakajeka zvakakwana kurira nemhepo, sembeu. Kana pane mvura uye zvokudya painoenda, inobereka uye inoenderera mberi. Iyo iriwo paganda revanhu uye inogona kutamirwa kune zvokudya kuburikidza nekubatana, nemaoko akachena kana asina kuchena.

Mbiriso yakashandiswa nevanhu kwezviuru zvemakore kuti iite chingwa, doro, newaini. Zvinodaro nokuchinja shuga muwaini uye gasi kuwana simba.

• Zvimwe pane Zvakaitika Yeviriso.
• Dzidza Zvakawanda Pamusoro peBiology Yezviviriso Apa.

Ipi Yeviriso Inoshandiswa Mukugadzira

Yembiriso inoshandiswa mukubika ndeyokutanga Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Bakabhiki nemakambani ekubika vakabudisa matambudziko mazhinji, zvinoreva mavhonsi embeu nemafungiro anokosha. Izvi zvakafanana nemunda wekurima arikuzadza tulip ane mavara akasiyana, urefu kana kuti hardiness. Sezvo pane mazana emarudzi e-tulip, pane mazana emasembu anokonzera. Iyo mbiriso inoshamwaridzana iyo inozivikanwa nhasi inobatwa nokuda kwekugadzirwa kwegesi nekuviriswa kwekukurumidza. Beyond S. cerevisiae kune mabiko akawanda ayo anobatsira mumasvundu, kunyange S. cerevisiae inowanzovapo, zvakare.

• Thesaurus yeCheka neZvifananidzo

Kunewo mararamiro akasiyana embeu yakasikwa nokuda kwemafupa akaonda kana kuiswa pfumbu.

Bakabhi vanokwanisa kuwana matambudziko mazhinji, sezvinoita vakweta vane maruva akasiyana-siyana kuti vasarudze. Vanhu vose vane matambudziko mashomanana aanosarudza.

• Mambo Arthur Ane Mhando dzakawanda dzeMbeu kuIndaneti

Ipi Yevhisi Inodya

Mbiriso inodya shuga, glucose inotaura zvakananga. Kana pasina glucose yakapoteredza asi kune zvimwe shuga, yakasviba kana doro, mbiriso inogadzira mishonga (enzyme) kuti ichinje iyi ichive glucose.

Mbiriso inotakura ruzivo muDNA yayo yemichina yakawanda yezvokudya zvakawanda.

Nzira ine mazai akawanda mune iyo, iyo inogadzirwa nemaketani marefu emasukiruru. Huri inotakura ma enzyme ayo anoshanda pane zvakasara uye anoaisa muashuga mashoma. Izvi zvinoitika mushure mokunge upfu hwakasunungurwa nemvura kana zvimwe zvinodhaka. Ipapo mbiriso inoshandisa ushuga kuitira simba.

Nei Chiyero Maselo Anoswa

Mbiriso ine nzira mbiri dzekusunungura simba kubva pamasukiruru eeshuga kuti ishandise kuti ive yavo pachavo yekuchengetedza uye kubereka; ine kana pasina oxygen.

• Nekuwedzerwa kweokisijeni, vanoita carbon dioxide (CO2 - gesi), izvo chaizvoizvo masero evanhu anoita, zvakare. Vanoshandisa rinenge rose simba kubva kune shuga kuita izvi uye kuita mafuta mazhinji. Izvi zvinonzi kupumha.
• Ne oxygen shoma kana kwete, mbiriso inokurumidza kusimbisa mishonga inodzinga doro uye carbon dioxide mushure mekushandisa imwe simba kubva kune shuga. Izvi zvinonzi kuvimwa. Sezvo iyi iine nzira isina kukwana yekuwana simba, inofanirwa kugadzirisa shuga yakawanda kupfuura iyo inoita panguva yekufema.

Kuita chingwa nembiriso kunoshandisa zvose kupemha nekuvirisa (kunyanya yekupedzisira). Iwe unodonha kana kurova okisijeni (uye nitrogen) muhupfu, iyo mbiriso inoshandisa zvakanyanya nokukurumidza, ichibudisa gasi rakasungwa nehupfu.

Gasi zhinji muchingwa chechingwa inobudiswa mukati meawa yekutanga yekuvirisa. Ipapo mbiriso inofanira kushanduka pakuita dorosi uye acid pamwe chete negesi uye inokura zvishoma nezvishoma. Izvi zvinopa mbiriso-yakasimwa chingwa chakakosha uye zvinonaka. Izvi zvinokanganisawo chimiro chehupfu, kushandura chikafu uye chikafu mushure mekubika.

Mafuta Anotonhora Anogadzira Yeast

Mbiriso inokura zvakanyanya pa 26 ° C (79 ° F) uye inogadzira zvakanakisisa pa30 - 35 ° C (86 - 95 ° F) . Pachando chetsika pasi mbiriso inononoka pasi zvose zviri zviviri uye inova "dormant". Pachando chakakwirira, mbiriso yevirusi haishande zvakanaka. Izvo zvakafanana nemunhu ane fivha.

Nei firiji yeDhawi

Dzimwe nguva zvinongotadzisa kusimuka kuitira kuti tikwanise kudzora patinenge tichibika chingwa. Pane nhaurirano pamusoro pekuvhenekera kwekusikwa apo bundu rinoputirwa kwemaawa akawanda kana husiku humwe, asi hazvisanyatsozivikanwe kana izvi zvichibva kune ma enzyme muupfu, mbiriso yemetabolites, mbiriso inouraya nemashizha kana mamwe maitiro emakemikari.

Kune mikate yakawanda yekubheka nzira dzinoda refrigeration. "Bhizimisi Muchingwa Maminitsi Makashanu Pazuva" (2007, St. Martin's Press) anoshandisa iyo, kuchengeta hupfu kwemavhiki matatu mufiriji, uye Peter Reinhart anoratidza kuchengeta zvimedu zvekutanga mufiriji kwemazuva matatu kana iwe haagoni kuvashandisa pakarepo. Uyewo, iyo Swiss Wurzelbrot nzira inobheka zvingwa zvakananga kubva mufiriji uye mamwe mikoro yakagadzirwa zvakanaka inogona kuiswa firiji uye kubikwa mangwanani echingwa.

Kushandisa Kutapisa Kwepasi Kupinda Mukana Wako Muzvimwe Zvingwa

Iwe unogona kuishandisa kuti unonoke pasi chingwa chako chechingwa kana iwe usingakwanisi kubika iyo pakarepo. Izvi zvinogona kuitika mukati mekutanga kweuchapupu kana shure kwekuumba. Izvo zvinogona kuitwa mushure mekunge iwe uchigadzira chingwa chako, kana kuti utore chingwa chinowedzera usati watogadzirira. Kunyange zvazvo iyo yekupedzisira isiri yakakwana, inowanzokonzera mugadzirwa unogamuchirwa.

Chikonzero chekupupu hwehutu pamusoro pemvura inodziya kana kuti kumashure kweStove

Yevhisi yaunotenga muchitoro ine yakakosha yemafuta pa30 - 35 ° C (86 - 95 ° F). Zvizhinji zvemazuva ano mapoka ezvokudya zvinoshevedza kuratidzwa kwepamusoro pedenga idzodzo. Kana iwe usingapisi kana kupisa imba yako zvakawanda, kutonhorera kwemajasi kuchachinja zvinyararire. Pakati pe60 ° F mukicheni yangu musi wechando, chingwa chinodya chinokwira zvishoma nezvishoma. Ichasvibisa kuguma kwechigadzirwa uye zvinoguma mune zvakanyanya kudarika, zvakanyanya kudyiwa chingwa.

Izvi zvingave nokuti simiti enzymes (inowanikwa muupfu) inoshanda zvakanakisisa pamatambo echando anotonhora uye inoputsa mamwe gluten uye starch. Izvi zvinogona kukanganisa kukwanisa kwe gluten kubata gasi mbiriso inobereka. Kunyange zvakadaro, kicheni chinotonhora chinogona kuderedza chidya chinokura zvakakurumidza kana kupa pundu nguva yakawanda yekukura tambo, iyo chinhu chakanaka, saka pane nguva dzose yekutengeswa.

Zvingani Zviyero Zvokushandisa

Rimwe gramu yemagunyu rine 20 mabhiriyoni mashoma masero. Iko kune magiramu manomwe muine chikamu chepaundi yega rega yatinotenga muchitoro (2 1/2 mashupuni). Ndiyo mashekeri 140 mabhiriyoni! Paunotanga kugadzira chingwa, uwedzere chiyero chembiriso inodanwa mumutsara. Kana iyo inonaka zvakanaka uye ine zvivako zvaunoda, tora pamwe nayo.

Nemhaka yokuti mbiriso haina kugovana zvakawanda muchingwa chechingwa (kungova 20-30% kuwedzerwa mumaseji esero mumaawa mana), chii chaunotanga ndicho chaunopedzisa nemagariro emashamba. Izvi zvinogona kukanganisa chingwa nekuwedzera gira "rinosvibiswa" kana iwe ukaisa zvakawanda muhomwe. Kazhinji zviyero zvembiriso zvakapoteredza 1 - 2% yeupfu, nekuyera. Zvingwa zvakawanda zvinogona kuita kuti bundu racho rive rakanyoroka nokubudisa gasi usati hupfu hwakatowedzera kuwedzera.

Kana iwe ukarega chidimbu chichikwira kwenguva yakareba, chinozotanga kuva nembeve kana bheri kunhuhwira uye kugunzva uye pakupedzisira kuputsika kana kukwira zvisina kunaka muchoto uye kuva nechigadziko. Izvi hazviiti nekuda kwenhamba zhinji yemasero masero anotora, asi nekuda kwekusava nekusara kwemashuga uye kusakwanisa kwe gluten kutambanudza chero upi zvake.

Chikonzero Nei Vamwe Zvokudya Zvichitsvaga Chikafu Chechiviriso

Mamwe mapeji anotanga nekamupu yechina yevirusi, iyo inongova 10% yepakete yemasipi! Aya mapeji anonamira kubudirira kwenguva refu kuti agadzire kunaka uye kunyanya kutanga nehupfu hwakanyanya. Ichi chinoita mbiriso inofamba-famba ichiparadzanisa apo hupfu hwemakemikari ari kuita chinhu chavo. Chidya chakadai chinowanzoviriswa usiku humwe uye kakawanda chinokurudzirwa kuva chidya chekupedzisira nemamwe mbiriso kuti ibatsire pakusimuka kwekupedzisira.

Kusiyanisa Pakati Regular Yeaven, Instant Yeast, uye Bread Machine Yevhisi

Edza uye usanyanya kushandiswa. Instant uye mbiriso yemakisi yemakwenzi yakaomeswa neimwe nzira kubvumira kuti igovhenganiswa muupfu isina kuonekwa pakutanga. Icho chinodhura zvishoma kudhura kupfuura teknolojia yekare. Nguva dzose, kushanda mbiriso yakasvibiswa kunoguma mukuvhenekera kwakasiyana, izvo vamwe vanhu vanosarudza. Ndakatorawo mbiriso yakaoma, yakaoma yakawanda pane zvangu zvechitoro chekudya. Nzira iyo inogadzirwa nayo, inotora kaviri kana yakareba kwenguva refu yekudzorera zvakare asi inoshanda zvakafanana nembiriso yeupfu kana iwe uchapupu hwecho.

Mbiriso yechingwa inomiririrwa mbiriso itsva uye inofananidzwa. Iine upenyu hupfupi hwemafuro kupfuura mbiriso yakasva, asi ini ndinosarudza kuve kwayo mune zvingwa zvakawanda zveGermany. Inodhura zvikuru uye yakaoma kuwana muU.S., saka shandisa mbiriso yakaoma; imwe pete yeviramu yakasvikwa yakasviba (2 1/2 mashupuni) kana mbiriso yechinguva (2 mashupuni) ekeke (0.6 ounces muUnited States) uye wobva wawedzera kipuni kana kuti mamwe mvura muhomwe. Kazhinji, iwe unogona kushandura mbiriso imwe kune imwe, kunyange iwe ungada kuchinja nzira yekuendesa. Mbiriso yepasika inogona kupupurirwa kana iwe uchida, asi handitauri kusanganisa kushingaira kwakasvikwa mbiriso kana mbiriso yekake pamwe neupfu zvakananga sezvo zvisingasviki zvakangofanana muhomwe yakaoma.

• Iyi peji ine hurukuro yakanakisisa pamusoro pemhando yeembiriso inoshandiswa mukubika.
• Uyewo, ona Fleishmann's Yeast description uye Red Star mbiriso yemiti.
• Dzidza zvakawanda nezve sayenzi yechingwa chechingwa

Muto Wawo Unogadzira Sei Yeast

Zvishoma zvishoma munyu zvinogona kubatsira chaizvo mbiriso kuita zvakanaka (0.5 - 1%), asi 1.5-2.5% munyu (kuburikidza nechiyero kupfuwa) inogadzirisa. Munyu unofanirwa nechingwa gluten chimiro, zvisinei, pamwe nekuravira. Zvingwa zvakawanda zvinoitwa zvinogutsa ne 2% munyu. Zvinotoshamisa kuti huwandu hwehuga hunopfuura 6% (kuburikidza nekuyera kusvika kuupfu) hunova nemigumisiro yakaipa pambeu, zvakare. Ikoko kune mararamiro akasiyana embeu inoshanda zvakanaka mukanaka uye mucheka wehupfu .

Chii Chine Kneading Anoita Yevusi

Kneading haina zvishoma kune mbiriso sezvo mbiriso inofanira kugoverwa zvakafanana mushure mekutanga kusanganiswa. Inotambanudza uye inowedzera gluten kuitira kuti inogona kubata nitrogen uye carbon dioxide bubbles. Bhabhi rechipiri rinokosha mushure mekuti bundu rakura kamwechete, kuwedzera kukwanisika, kunyange zvazvo zvingasava nguva refu yekugodha.

Kurova chidya zvakaoma hakukuvadza mbiriso kana, haugone kuputsa masero nenzira iyoyo. Vabiki vevashandi vanocherechedza pavanosanganisa hupfu kuitira kuti kutonhora kusapfuure izvo zvinodiwa nekamukira. Vabiki vekumba havafungi nezvakawanda nokuti zvishoma zvingwa zvinoshandiswa pamba hazvitsvaki kusanganiswa kukuru.