Zvokudya zvine chepfu hazvifaniri kunge zviri pamenyu
Usati wabika nyama, chero nyama ipi zvayo yemhuka, unofanira kuziva kuti kutaridzika kwemukati kunofanira kusvika kupi kuti nyama ichengetwe zvakachengeteka.
Mafuta Akachengeteka
Zvokudya hazvifanirwi kutongerwa pazvesikisa pakati pe40 ne 140 F. Izvi ndizvo zvinoreva kuti mabhakitiriya mazhinji achafara chaizvo kubereka muhutano hwakadaro. Inobereka zvishoma nezvishoma, kana zvachose, pasi pe40 F uye pamusoro pe 140 F. Asi cherechedza, kutsetseka uko mabhakiteriya anourawa kunowirirana maererano nema microbe.
Semuenzaniso, salmonella inourayiwa nekuipisa iyo kusvika muna 131 F kweawa rimwe, 140 digiri yehafu yeawa, kana kuipisa kusvika 167 F kwemaminitsi gumi. Kana zvasvika pakuuraya zvipembenene, zvose zvinotyisa uye nguva inobata kuenzanisa.
Panewo nyaya yekuti kusvibiswa kunowanikwa kupi. E-coli anogara mumatumbo emukuchi yemhuka - kwete nyama. Uye njodzi ndeyokuti mukugadzira mhou kana huchi, zvimwe zvezviri mukati memutsara wemukumbo zvinogona kusvibisa nyama yakaratidzwa. Ndokusaka zvakachengeteka kutsvaga steak pamusoro pekupisa kwakanyanya uye vachiri kudya idzo kana dzisingabviri (125 kusvika ku 135 F). Ndicho chikonzero nei nyama yose inofanira kugadzirirwa kusvika kudhigirii 160 - nokuti nyama yenyama uye nyama yenyama inosanganiswa pamwe panguva yekukuya.
Trichinosis, iyo inoparadzaniswa nemapirisa akawanda uye kwete bhakitiriya, inorarama mumisungo uye kuvhara kunze kwekuti, inoti, nyama yegorosi haigoni kuuraya chero zvipenyu mu nyama, kunyange iyo inonakidza zviri nani.
Trichinosis inourawa pa 135 F, saka yakachengeteka kudya nyama yenguruve kana yakabikwa kusvika 140 kana 145 F. Salmonella inogonawo dzimwe nguva kugara nyama yenzou, saka kubika huku uye kutamba kusvika 160 F hunenge huchenjeri. Salmonella inogonawo kugara mazai uye saka kune ngozi kune mazai anonyorera, omelets, uye mazai akaoma kana chero chikamu cheii chakasara chisina kuonekwa, sechinonzi yolk.
Zvakachengeteka kubika nyama nemiriwo pamadzikira ekudzivirira kwenguva yakareba kana kupisa kwakanyanya kwenguva shoma. Uye inenge nguva dzose yakachengeteka kutsvaga nyama pamusoro pehuni hwepamusoro usati wapedza kubika panguva yakaderera. Nokuda kwekupisa-kupisa kubika zvose nekuda kwekaroti uye kusungurudza, chinhu chakanakisisa kuisa marara nyama pakutanga kwepakati-yakanyanya kupisa-inenge 350 F - uye zvino tevera kamukira yekubika pachitsiko chepasi kwenguva refu.
Toxicity Factor
Asi kupisa moga hakusi chete chikonzero mukudzivirira kudya chepfu. Panewo chekufukidzira. Mamwe mabhakitiriya anongotapisa kupfuura mamwe, uye mamwe ega inopoteredza mushure mokunge mabhakiteriya afa. Vanhu vazhinji vane maitiro ezvirwere zvekuzvidzivirira mumuviri vanogona kunwisa salmonella kana listeria uye zvirongwa zvavo zvichazviuraya kunze kwekuti vasati vazviona. Botulism chepfu, kunyange zvakadaro, dzakanyanya kunaka uye dzine ngozi, uye kunyange mukana muduku webhakitiriya unogona kuva nemigumisiro inokosha. Botulism inowanzoitika muzvinhu zvisina kukodzera zvekakani asi inogonawo kuonekwa mumuchengetedzwa . Usambofa watora mukana pane chimwe chinhu chingave ne botulism.
USDA Food Safety Guidelines
Kana iwe uchida kuva wakachengeteka zvakakwana, tevera USDA yekuchengetedza kwekudya mitemo uye ubike zvinhu zvose kusvika 160 degrees F.
Uyewo, usambogadzika zvokudya zvinopisa pasi pe 140 F, uye zvokudya zvinotonhorera ugofiratira nokukurumidza kusvika kudarika makumi mana.