Kana uri kufunga nezvokubika nyama yekutora kwezororo, inogona kuvhiringidza kuti ndeyepi iwe waunofanira kutenga. Kune hupenyu hwakasiyana-siyana hwekutengesa mumisika, uye hutsika hunosiyana, zvichienderana nekuti yakagadzirirwa sei uye yakabikwa.
Marudzi aHamu
Hamu ndiye gumbo rakasvibira (rump kusvika shank) yehandi, iyo inochengetedzwa nekusvuta-kuporesa kana kuchirapa. Hamu inobudiswa munyika nekusimbisa pamitambo yemitambo, somuenzaniso, prosciutto, speck kana jamon serrano .
Ham kuporesa kunogona kuva mwedzi 8 kusvika kumakore maviri. A non-cured ham is fresh ham .
Kune mhando mbiri dzehu dzinowanzotengeswa muUnited States: guta ham uye nyika ham.
Guta ham rave rakabhabhatidza kana rakakonzerwa ne brine yakaumbwa nemvura, munyu, phosphates, nitrites uye, dzimwe nguva, shuga. (Nitrites inowedzera ruvara uye inonaka.) Zvizhinji zvehams zvinotengeswa mumasitetermiti zvakakonzerwa nerine solution, iyo inowedzera huni hunorema uye inovhara mabhakitiriya kukura. Hamu inobva yabikwa kana kusvuta uye yakaiswa mukutengesa.
Nyika ham yave yakaoma-yakarapwa nemunyu uye nitrates uye yakwegura kwemwedzi inoverengeka uye kusvika makore matatu, zvichienderana nehupfumi nemafuta. Havasi nguva dzose vachiputa, kunyange zvazvo Virginia kana Smithfield ham, nekusanangurwa, inoputika uye yakwegura kwemwedzi isingapfuuri nematanhatu. (Ichokwadi Smithfield ham inobva kumahombodo akave ane nyama yakamera.) Nyama ye nyika ham dryer muhutano uye zvakanyanya kuwedzerwa mutsvuku uye mucherecheti kupfuura guta ham.
Dry kuporesa leeches hunyoro huchibva munyama uye inoderedza uremu hwayo kusvika anenge 20 muzana.
Water Additives
IA USDA yakanyanyisa zvikuru pamusoro pokuti ham inofanira kunge yakanyorwa sei kuti yakanyatsogadzirisa izvo ham iri. Paunenge uchitsvaga ham, nyatsoverenga shanduro kuti usarega kutenga ham (kana ham chibereko) nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemvura hwakawedzerwa.
Sezvo mutemo wehuwandu, iyo yakawanda mvura inowedzerwa, yakanyanya kunakidza ham inayo. Heino tsanangudzo dze USDA yekuti ham inonyorwa sei:
- Akabikwa Ham : Boneless uye akabika zvakakwana mumvura uye anogadzirwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana mumugwagwa kana mumakona.
- Hamu : Chirwere chinoporesa chegorosi chisingasviki 20,5-muzana yeprotini. Mvura yakawedzerwa inobvumirwa, nekuda kwekurapa, asi inofanira kuve yakarongedzwa maererano nehuwandu hwezvakawanda muzvivako.
- Hamu Nemafuta Anokonzera : Purotini isiri pasi pe 18.5-percent ine 7 kana 8 muzana yakawedzera mvura. Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzakanyatsomanikidzwa uye dzakagadziriswa muhupi hwemaorivhi.
- Hamu - Mvura Yakawedzerwa : 17-muzana proteine ine 10 muzana mvura yakawedzerwa nokuyera, izvo zvinoreva kuti mvura inosanganiswa mumutengo weH ham.
- Ham uye Water Product : Inogona kuva nemhando ipi zvayo yemvura yakawedzerwa uye inowedzera, iyo yepamusoro iyo inofanirwa kutaurwa pamusoro pekuisa mazita chero ipi zvayo yekakini ine pasi peprotein ye-17%.
Ham Terminology
Hamu inogona kutengeswa seyose (inoshumira kusvika kuvanhu makumi maviri), iyo inosanganisira bhero (kumusoro kwegumbo) uye shank (chikwata), kana sehafu yehutti yega (inoshumira vanhu 12) kana shank hafu (inoshumira 10 kusvika kuvanhu 12). Iko kunowedzera zvakaoma kuveza, asi nyama yayo inonyoro uye inonaka pane shank.
Hamu inogona kuva pfupa-mu (bone rinowedzera kunyanya kunakidza nyama), s im-boneless (mhuka inoputika yakabviswa), iyo inoita kuti ham nyore kuveza uye kusava nemafungiro . Ngwarira mukusarudza ham yaasina hanya, sezvo zvinyama zvenyama kubva muhutano hwekubwinya zvinogona kuomeswa pamwe nekugadziriswa mukati mechimiro chechimiro.
IA USDA inotsanangura dzimwe ham michina sezvinotevera:
- Hickory-Kusvuta : Hamu yakarapwa iyo yakasvuta yakanamatira pamusoro pekupisa zviyo zvekunyora mu smokehouse. Zvisinei, kusvuta nehutori hwehuniyo uye utsi hunobvumidzwa.
- Uchi-Wakaporesa : Uchi hunofanirwa kuva yeChikoro C kana pamusoro kana huine 80-peresiti yakasviba. Uchi hunogona kunge huri hurumende inotapira chete kana inosanganiswa neasingapfuuri 50-muzana weimwe sangano rinotapira. Uchi hunogonawo kushandiswa kuti huve hukuru uye hupfeke ham chibereko.
- Shuga-Yakaporesa : Yakasvibiswa nemadhi kana beet shuga kana kusanganiswa nemumwe mutevedzeri unotapira uri pasi pe50-muzana yehuwandu hwehuga hunoshandiswa. Hamu inogonawo kunyoreswa shuga-inoporesa kana shuga yakakwana kuti inakidze kana kuisa huni.
- Yakanyatsogadzirwa : Hamu yakagadzirirwa zvizere mukugadzwa kwairi kushandiswa. Inogona kudyiwa kunze kwepakiti kana kudzorerwa kusvika 145 ° F. Inonyorwawo se "kugadzirira kudya" uye "kudya uye kushumira".
- Ika Cook Usati Wadya : Hamu haina kubikwa kana kupiswa mukati mekugadzira uswa uye inoda kubikwa mukati mekushisa kwe 145 ° F usati wadya.