Nhengo Zvikamu
Kune mhando dzakawanda dzeupfu pamusika nhasi uye neruzivo ruduku ruzivo, iwe uchakwanisa kufamba nenzira yekubika kubika sepro. Dzidza pamusoro pezvikamu, maitiro uye zvinoshandiswa zvakanakisisa kune zvakasiyana-siyana zveupfu.
Mvura ndiyo inenge yakasvibiswa kana chibage chakaoma ichiputirwa. Izvi zvinotumidzwa sekugadzira. Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzeupfu dzinogadzirwa negorosi kunyange chero zviyo zvingagadzirwa kuva hupfu, kusanganisira risi, oats, chibage kana bhari.
Zvikamu Zvakaoma
Mukuwedzera kune rudzi rwezviyo zvinoshandiswa, upfu hunosiyanawo zvichienderana nepi chikamu chezviyo chinochengetwa munguva yekuchera. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira endosperm, branhi kana chirwere.
- Endosperm: Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo yakakura yezviyo, ine makhahydrates, mapuroteni uye zvishoma zvemafuta. Mhando dzakawanda dzakachena dzakachena dzinongova nechomugove uyu chete wezviyo.
- Ubongo: Huru yekunze yezviyo, inozivikanwa sebhanhire, inowedzera mavara, marara, uye fiber kuti ipfuure. Mbeu inopa zviyo zvakakwana zvinopisa mararamiro avo ane ruvara uye rough texture.
- Germ: Mishonga iyi ndiyo inobereka chibereko chezviyo uye inowanzochengetedza mishonga. Nzira iyo inochengetedza utachiona munguva yekugadzira huchava nemavhithamini, minerals, uye fiber.
- Gluten: Gluten ipuroteni inowanikwa zvakasikwa mu endosperm yegorosi. Inopa simba, kuoma uye chimiro che cheyy chimiro kuitira mbiriso chingwa , pasta, uye pizza bundu .
Kazhinji Maruva Akasiyana-siyana
Zvose-Chinangwa: Upfu hwose hunogadzirwa hunogadzirwa kubva ku endosperm yegorosi. Iyo furasi inowanzosvibiswa kuti ipe iyo yakajeka, yakachena yakaonekwa uye inowedzera kuisa mishonga inorasikirwa nekuda kwekubviswa kwegiramu uye bran. Hupuru hwechinangwa-zvose inofanirwa kuenzaniswa nesitima uye mapuroteni kuitira kuti inogona kushandiswa mune zvakasiyana-siyana zvemishonga isina kunyanya kuoma kana kuti yakaoma.
Hauna kusvibiswa: Hupfu hwakasvibiswa hwakafanana nehuwandu hwehupfu hwechinangwa chega asi husati hwave hwakasvibiswa. Hafu yakasvibiswa inogona kushandiswa kubudirira mune dzakawanda mapeji sehupfu hwechinangwa. Simba risina kufanana chisarudzo chakanaka kune avo vane hanya nekuchena kwemafuta kana kuiswa kumakemikari.
Chingwa Chakudya: Upfu hwechingwa uine chiyero chepamusoro cheproteine kusvika kumakinhydrates kupfuura zvinangwa zvose, izvo zvinowedzera muchero wakasimba. Iyo yakasimba yematrikisi inokonzera chimiro pakusimudza bundu uye inopa mugumo chigadzirwa chakanaka, chewy texture.
Gorosi Cake: Gakafu yekaka ine mapurotini mashoma kupfuura ose-chinangwa uye inosungirirwa kusvika pakugadzirwa kwakanaka. Izvozvi zvinhu zviviri zvakabatana zvinogadzira zvishoma uye zvakaoma. Kafu yefu inowanzosvibiswa kuti ivandudze maitiro ayo.
Pastry Rwakawanda: Upfu hwepasika huri nepuroteni yakasvibirira uye huri pakati pezvinangwa zvose neupfu hwekaka mukutsika. Iyo yakaisvonaka yakagadzirwa inobereka ruzha rwepasita rakaputika apo mapuroteni anodzikira zvishoma anodzivirira zvipembenene kuti zvive zvakaoma zvikuru kana chewy. Mukuwedzera kune mapeji, hupfu uhwu hwakakoshawo pakugadzira makabikisi , mabhisiki, uye chingwa chinokurumidza.
Kuzvimirira: Upfu hwekuzvidzivirira hunonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira mabhisiki uye zvimwe chingwa zvakakurumidza . Iyo inoumbwa nechinangwa chega-chinangwa, munyu uye chemakemikisi inopisa zvakadai sehupfu yekubika .
Kuzvinyima pasi hakufaniri kushandiswa kuita mbiriso yekudya.
Gorosi Yese: Upfu hwose hwegorosi hunogadzirwa nekukuya zviyo zvose (endosperm, bran, uye germ). Iyi furain ine mishonga yakawanda uye fiber kupfuura zvinangwa zvose-zvichiita kuti zvizivikanwe pakati pehutano hwevanhu. Nokuti branhoni inogona kupindira nekuumbwa kwematrikisi e gluten muhupfu, upfu hwose hwegorosi hunowanzobereka zvinorema, chingwa chinopisa kupfuura chinangwa chese kana chingwa chokudya.
Dombo Rezasi: Dombo revhu rakafukidzwa rakafanana nehupfu hwakakwana hwegorosi asi rinosungirirwa kumusana wakakura. Dhaka revhu rakafuridzirwa rinokosha nokuda kwechimiro chayo chakashata uye kutarisa kutarisa.
Semolina: Semolina upfu hwakagadzirwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzegorosi inozivikanwa seDurum. Nguruve ye Durum ine puroteni yakakura kwazvo, ichipa yakaoma kwazvo, chewy texture. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, semolina inowanzoshandiswa kuita pasta.
Murairi Mbeu: Uupfu uyu unogadzirwa nemafuta emucheka uye unogona kuwanikwa mune zvose zvitsvuku (endosperm chete) uye maronda (zviyo zvakakwana) zvakasiyana-siyana. Rupfu yeRipu inopenya muhutano kupfuura kugadzirwa kwegorosi uye isarudzo yakakurumbira pakati pevaya vasingafariri gluten.
Masa Harina: Masa Harina upfu hwakagadzirwa nemuchero wekuchera uyo wakarapwa neine alkaline solution, kazhinji ane rinima. Irosi inobatsira kusunungura husk yegorosi musati mera uye inovandudza zvigadzirwa zvehutano hweupfu. Masa harina inoshandiswa kugadzira maruva, tamales uye dzimwe ndiro dzakakurumbira muCentral America.