Mukubikwa, mbiriso ndiyo mhepo inokonzera chingwa, makeke, nezvimwe zvinhu zvakabikwa zvinomuka pavanopinda muchoto. Iyo gasi inobudiswa nenzira dzakasiyana, zvichienderana nerudzii rwehuni inobvisa iwe unoshandisa. Izvi, zvakare, zvinowirirana maererano nezvauri kubika, asi nzira yakajeka yekufunga nayo ndeyokuti mucheki anovirisa anokonzera gasi, uye gesi inokonzera bundu kana kutsva kuti ikwire.
Iko kune mitatu mikuru mikuru yevanodya mbiriso: biological, chemical and steam.
Maitiro Anogadzira Mbiriso Anokonzera Majeko Kuwedzera
Mafuta anogadzirwa neupfu hwegorosi, une mapuroteni maviri anonzi gliadin uye glutenin. Paunowedzera mvura uye uchitanga kuisanganisa, gliadin uye glutenin vanobatana vachiumba puroteni itsva inonzi gluten .
Gluten molecule inoronga pachavo mumaketani anokwanisa kuva akareba uye elastic. Izvi zvakasununguka ndezvokuti iwe unogona kutora chimedu chechingwa chechingwa uchitambanudza icho pakati peminwe yako. Kunyanya iwe uchichifukidzira, iyo inotambanudza inowanikwa.
Zvadaro, iyo gasi inogadzirwa neaviring agent inoumba zviuru zvezviputi zvishoma muhomwe, izvo zvinokonzera kuti iite. Fungidzira zviuru zvemabhaloni maduku ari kuputirwa nemhepo.
Tsvina inotambanudza, sezvinoita mabhaloni. Kana zvisina kudaro, pane kupfutidza bhoti, zvingaita sekuputira mugirazi remvura nemashizha. Mibvu yaizoerekana ichingoputika uye gasi yaizopukunyuka. Pamusana pechipfuva chekudya, mabhubu anowedzera pasina kuputika, saka gasi inoramba yakabatwa mumabhuvhu kwenguva yakareba zvokuti chikamu chechitatu chekuita kuti chiitike.
Pakupedzisira, kupisa kwechoto kunopisa mukanwa, kuchiita kuti igare apo izvo zviduku zvishoma zviri muhupenyu hwavo huripo. Saka, kana gasi pakupedzisira inopukunyuka, mapegi aya emhepo anogadzirisa maitiro avo panzvimbo yekuderedza. Uhu hwemahombekombe aya hunoita hutu hwezvakagadzirwa zvakanaka. Zvimedu zviduku zvemhepo zvinounza maratidziro akanaka, kufanana nekeke.
Zvikuru zvinobatanidza kugadzirwa kwakasimba, kufanana nechingwa chakaoma .
Yevhiri: A Biological Leavening Agent
Yembiriso inoumbwa nemararamiro asina kusungirirwa (rudzi rwemafungus) anorarama huri kure kure nezvose iwe kana kuti ini ndaizozviziva se "hupenyu," asi ivo vanoita basa rinokosha. Yevhiri inokonzera kushandiswa kwekuvirisa, kunze kweiyo hakuzovi nezvinhu zvakadai sedoro, waini, kana chingwa.
Kuvirisa kunoshanda sei mbiriso inodya shuga uye inobereka carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) gesi nedoro. Doro ndiyo nyanzvi yevanokunda uye vanokonzera, uye CO 2 inouya yakagadzirika yevabiki. CO 2 inoberekawo mabhuni muwaini.
Kune marudzi mashomanana emashamba emabiki:
- Kushanda mbiriso yakaoma ndeyeiyo mapapiro akawanda anoshevedza. Iyo mbiriso yakaoma, granular inotengeswa mumapakete kana mitsuko. Usati washanda nayo, mbiriso yakashata yakaoma inofanira kushandiswa, kana "kuonekwa," nekuipedza mumvura inodziya. Iyo inotonhora yakakodzera ndeye F. F. Kupisa kupfuura iyo uye mbiriso haigoni kushanda zvizere; inopisa zvikuru uye iwe unouraya mbiriso isati yaita chero chinhu.
- Mbiriso yakaoma yakasviba isiriwo yembeu yegranular inotengeswa mumapakiti kana mitsuko. Kusiyana nembiriso yakashata yakaoma, zvisinei, pakarepo yakaoma inogona kusanganiswa zvakananga muupfu hwako, pasina uchapupu hunodiwa. Uyezve, iwe unongoda kushandisa 1/3 kusvika 1/2 sechinguva chisina mbiriso yakasvibiswa kana ichienzaniswa neyakaoma yakaoma.
- Mutsva mutsva unowanikwa kunyanya mukutengesa mabhizinesi. Inouya mune imwe-pound brick uye inogona kuwedzerwa zvakananga kuhawa kana kuparara mumvura kutanga. Cherechedza kuti kuputsa ichi kungobatsira kuparadzira zvakakwana; hazvidi kudikanwa.
Iwe unogona kushandura mbiriso yakasvibira kana yakashanda yakaoma kana kuti pakarepo yakoma yakawanda ne 0.5 uye 0.35, maererano. Sezvo mutemo wega wega, zvakanakisisa kushandisa chero rudzi rwembiriso yakagadzirirwa rupiro. Pane zvakawanda zvakasiyana siyana zvinogona kuitika kana uchitanga kutendeuka.
Mune dzimwe nguva, mbiriso inobhururuka inomuka kamwe, zvino inotora pasi, uye wozomuka zvakare. Pakupedzisira, vanoenda muchoto, uko kupisa kunomutsa mbiriso kune imwe yekupedzisira yakadzingwa zvikuru CO 2 vasati vasvika 140 F uye vanofa.
Ndinofanira kuratidza kuti, kusiyana nemamwe maviri anotevera mbiriso, mbiriso inowedzerawo kunaka.
Zvechokwadi, kuwedzerwa mamwe mbiriso kune recipe hakuzoiti kuti chingwa chiwedzere kuwedzera, asi chichabereka zvakanyanya mbiriso inonaka.
Baking Soda uye Baking Powder : Chimiro Leavening Agents
Baking soda (dzimwe nguva inonzi sodium bicarbonate kana bicarbonate soda) ishavha yakachena inouya mubhokisi, uye ine pH ye 8 kusvika kune 9, iyo inoreva kuti ndiyo yepamusoro. Kana ichibatanidzwa nechigadzirwa chechidimbu, chichabereka chimiro chemagetsi chinokonzera kusunungurwa kwe CO 2 .
Kusiyana nekuita mbiriso, iyo inoitika zvishoma nezvishoma kwenguva refu, kubika soda maitiro nokukurumidza, ndicho chikonzero zvingwa uye muffin iyo inobereka zvinonzi chingwa chinokurumidza.
Mimwe mienzaniso yezvidimbu zvinoshandiswa zvinoshandisa kugadzira soda is buttermilk , juisi yemuroti, yogurt, mucheki wakamera, molasses kana uchi. Mumamiriro ayo akaoma, kubika soda inert, asi kana yaitwa, inogadzirisa pakarepo.
Bhuku rekubika ndiro chigadzirwa chekubika soda pamwe neimwe chidimbu chechidimbu, uyewo mufomu yeupfu. Chero bedzi iyo inogara yakaoma, haina kushanda. Kana imwe yakanyoroveswa, maitiro emakemikari anotanga. Hazvikurumidza kukurumidza kupfuura yakarurama yekubikira soda reaction, zvisinei. Kusiyana nekubika soda, hove yehupfu inobata kaviri, iyo inoreva kuti inotanga kushanda kana yakavhenganiswa, uye inopa imwe imwe yegasi kana ichipisa. Ndicho chikonzero zvimwe chingwa chinokurumidza chinoputika, sepancake , chinogona kubatwa kwechinguva pasina ivo vachirasikirwa nehutu hwavo.
Chimwe chinhu chisingagoni kutaurwa zvakakwana, zvisinei, ndechokuti iwe haugoni kuisa baking soda yekubikisa, kana kuti vice-versa, sezvo isingashande.
Steam: Mushandi Wezvokudya Zvine Mbiriso
Kusiyana nemafuta ane mbiriso pamusoro, ose ayo anogadzira CO 2 gasi, steam inongova mvura yemhepo, inobudiswa apo mvura muhupfu yako inosvika 212 F uye inopisa.
Kutora mhepo yekare kunogona kuonekwa sechinhu chisingaenzaniswi kana ichienzaniswa neicho chinoshamisa uye zvinoshamisa zvinorondedzerwa pamusoro apa, asi steam isimba guru. Apo mvura inowedzera, simba racho rinowedzera nemazana 1 500. Simba rinowedzera kukura iri rakawedzerwa nekupisa kwakakwirira. Zvokudya zveputi uye zvinyorwa zvekudya zvinonzi miviri yezvipembenene zvinoshandisa mhepo chete semafuta avo anovirisa, asi kana yakagadzirirwa zvakanaka inoshamisa uye inopisa.
Chinokosha ndechekuita kuti hupfu hunotora mhepo. Nehupfu hunopisa , izvi zvinoitwa nokuisa bhotela muhomwe uye zvino kuifukisa mumabhuku. Iyi nzira inobereka mazana ematanda, ayo anobuda muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakashata semugumisiro wemhepo inokonzerwa nemvura muhomwe uye mvura muhotela.
Choux pastry , iyo inoshandiswa mukugadzira kamu, kunyora uye bhonti, inoshandisa nzira yakasiyana. Nokubika kubiwa kamwechete pa stovetop, iyo glutens inenge yakasunungurwa, iyo inoderedza kuwedzera kwehupfu.
Munguva iyi, starch muupfu inonzi gelatinized, iyo inobatsira kuiita. Nokudaro kana yakabikwa, mhepo inokonzera kupisa, asi panzvimbo yekudzoka shure, inogadzirisa maitiro ayo uye mapapiro emhepo pakati pepastry haagadziri.