VaItaly vanobika sei uye vanoshumira pasta?
Iyi chinyorwa ine zvinyorwa zviviri zvekufuridzirwa: Kubva kuItaly, Chokwadi pamusoro pePasita, nenyaya Nancy Harmon Jenkins yakanyora nezveThe New York Times imwe nguva zvakare, uye tsvimbo yemashoko umo vanhu vakati vaida pasta yavo inoshandiswa ne spoonful ye mucheka kumusoro uyezve kune rumwe rutivi kuitira kuti vawedzere kana vachida. Vangashamisika kuziva kuti iyo haisi iyo iyo pasta inoshandiswa kuItaly.
Kusiyana kukuru pakati pe pasta sezvo inoshandiswa muItaly uye pasta sezvinoshandiswa kune imwe nzvimbo iyo iyo yeItaly, pasta inowanzo ndiyo yekutanga, iyo inoteverwa nedzimwe chikamu chechipiri chemwe rudzi, kuva nyama, hove, yemiti, cheese, kana kunyange pizza (majoza mazhinji echiItaly anoyevedza anopa mashomanana ezvokudya zvepasita kuti vatenzi vavo vatange ne). Mune mamwe mazwi, iyo chikamu chekudya - chakakosha, hongu, asi chokwadi hachisi chikuru.
Chiyero chechikamu chinoratidza izvi: Rimwe rinowanzofungidzira zvishoma pasi pe 1/4 pound yepasita isina kuomeswa isina kuomeswa pamunhu wese (kureva, 70-80 gramu), iyo inoshandura kuva yakadzika-ndiro (kana isina kudzikira ndiro) yakawanda. Chirongo chakawandisa, nokuti hachizosiyi nzvimbo yezvokudya zvose.
Kuchengeta kunokoshawo zvakare: Kuenzanisa uye zvakare chinhu. Nhamba inoshandiswa ndiyo 1-2 maspuni ehuteti yakadai se aglio e olio , uye pane 1/4 kapu yemupupuri wakasviba sa sugo alla bolognese pamunhu mumwe nomumwe, anosungirirwa mupasita asati ashumira kuitira kuti apfeke pasta.
Pasta haifaniri kunge ichidonha mumuchu, kana kugara wakashama pasi pezvipembenene zvayo, uye haifaniri kunge iri pfupa rakaoma. Grated cheese? Zvinotenderera muto; tomato muto uye nyama-based sauces zvinowanzochemera iyo uye marisi saucisi dzimwe nguva vanobatsirwa nayo, asi zvinogona kukanganisa mumiti yemidziyo kana hove-based sauces.
Chero mamiriro ose ezvinhu, inoshandiswa patafura, uye vanhu vazhinji vanosarudza 1-2 mashupuni, kwete guruva rinorema rinopisa zvose.
Isu zvino tauya kumagazini yeminzwa: Ndeupi rudzi rwemasita? Kunyange zvazvo maItaly cookbook mabhuku, kufanana nevamwe vavo vanotaura Chirungu, vanopa mirayiridzo yakajeka yepasta yakagadzirwa kumba , vashoma vaItaly vane nguva yekuita pamba kunze kwezviitiko zvakakosha. Pazuva revhareji, inotengeswa yepasta yakaoma yakabuda kunze kwebhokisi. Uye izvi hazvirevi kuputsika; Yakagadzirirwa zvakakodzera, yakanaka-yakagadzirirwa pesafura yakagadzirwa zvakanaka iyo yakanaka chaizvo-kana isiri nani kudarika-izvo vanhu vakawanda vanogona kuzviita pamba.
Misiyano iri muupfu: Vatengesi vebhizimisi vanoshandisa semolina, iyo inobereka pasta iyo ichasimudza zvakanaka pakubika, kuchengetedza inofadza d denta yekugadzira munzira inoenda patafura. Zvinosuruvarisa, sewe shamwari yangu uyo ane fekitari yepasta anocherechedza, kugadzira poda kubva semolina inoda mabiko emabhizimisi kana maawa akawanda ekugodha - kupfuura zvinokwana kupisa motokari yemapakita emusha. Nokuda kweizvi, imba yekubika inoshandiswa kugadzira furawa yegorosi (gorosi 00, ine zvishoma zvishoma pane gluten kupfuura yeAmerican flour flour). Migumisiro inogona kunge yakanakisisa asi inoda kutarisirwa zvakanyanya mukubika sezvo pasta isina kunaka uye inoputika nyore nyore.
[Yakagadzirwa naDanette St. Onge musi waJune 30, 2016.]
Kune marudzi maviri ezvinyorwa zvepasta yakashambadzirwa yebasa:
- Pasta yose'uovo, mazai ega, akadai seti tagliatelle, fettuccine, uye chii (iyo ndiyo tagliatelle imwe inogadzira pamba, asi yakagadzirwa nemafuta e semolina), uye:
- Pasta di semola di grano duro, yakagadzirwa ne semolina chete, mvura uye kugunzva munyu.
Iyo yekare yakazara uye yakasiyana-siyana, asi iyo yekupedzisira inouya mumhando dzose dzemaumbirwo, kubva kune spaghetti kunyorera kusvika kumhepo yakasvibirira nehombodo.
Ndeipi rudzi rwaunofanira kushandisa?
Egg pasta inofamba zvakanaka nemhepo, somuenzaniso, nyama-based sauces kana pfuma pomarola tomato sauce. Tagliatelle inowanzofarirwa nezvimwe zvinonakirwa; somuenzaniso, sipinashi, iyo inoshandura ivo vemavara; tomato, izvo zvinoita kuti vatsvuke; kana inki squid, iyo inoita kuti ive yakasviba. Lasagne yakagadzirwa nehai pasta inowedzerawo.
Nemhaka yemhando dzakasiyana-siyana inouya , pasta di semola di grano duro inonyanya kushanduka; icho chimiro chekushandisa chinotarisana nemuchuti uye unhu hwemunhu. Spaghetti, spaghettini, bucatini nedzimwe nhete dzinofamba zvakanaka nemasikisi akanaka. Pfupi, pastas mashizha, somuenzaniso, peni kana tortiglioni, famba zvakanaka nemashizha akawandisa, muchikamu nokuti vanosunga muto. Vanoshandawo zvakanaka muzvingwa zvakabikwa, nokuti vane muviri wakakura uye vanogona kudzivisa kupisa mukati mechipiri. Mamwe madhita epapasta akareba, somuenzaniso, farfalle (uta-tie pasta), shanda zvakanaka nemakisi emukisi nokuti muto unowedzera kubatisisa kumativi avo.
Mukutenga kutenga pasta yebhizimisi, pane mavara akawanda ekusarudza kubva; muItaly, inonyanyozivikanwa ndeye Buitoni, De Cecco, Barilla, Agnesi, uye Voiello (kwete kwete mune izvi).
Ikoko kunewo pasta artigianale, pasta yakaitwa muzvikwata zviduku nevanoshandiswa nevanogadzira avo vane hanya nehutano. Kunyange zvazvo zvigadzirwa zvekutanga zvikafanana, ndiko kushandiswa kwakafanana: Vashandi vanobudisa paseta yavo kuburikidza nehuni inouraya iyo inopa pasta nzvimbo yakaoma iyo inobata uye inobata muto, uye inoipisa iyo inotonhora, nekudaro inochengetedza zvinonaka zvegorosi .
Maererano naNancy Harmon Jenkins, vana vevabereki ava vanotengesera kuUnited States: Rustichella D'Abruzzo, Latini, Benedetto Cavalieri naMartelli.
Iwe haufaniri kuwana pasita yeItaly mumusika wako: Verenga mavara ezvinhu zviripo, uye sarudza pasta yakagadzirwa ne durum yegorosi kana semolina. Dzivisa pasta yakaomeswa nemafuta echero ari nyore (zvizhinji zveNorthern Europe pasta, somuenzaniso) panzvimbo yekudya kwegorosi (semolina) nokuti haikwanisi kunyatsopera panguva yekubikira uye kutendeuka kusangana nokukurumidza.
Kugadzira pasta kwakaoma semvura inodziya, asi inoda kutarisirwa.
- Iwe unofanirwa kushandisa 1 quart (4 makapu) emvura pa 1/4 pound yepasta (1 litre yemvura pamagiramu 100 epa pasta), uye wedzera izvi kusvika 6 kusvika kune 1 pound. Kana iwe usingashandisi mvura yakakwana, pasta ichave yakagadzikana uye inonamatira pamwechete.
- Ita mvura kumvura inoputika uye munyu iyo nemaspuni 2-3 emukanher munyu kune rimwe remvura. Usapindira pamunyu, kana pasta ichave yakanyangadza - inobatsira kuchengeta mupfungwa kuti maNeapolitans, avo vari masters pakubika peta, vanoshandiswa kushandisa mvura yegungwa shure kana yakachengeteka kuita saizvozvo. Hungu, ndiyo iyo yakasviba mvura inofanira kuva.
- Wedzera pasita, uchifuratira kamwe kana kaviri kuti uparadzanise zvidimbu uye udzichengetedze kubva pakanamatira pasi.
Pasika iyo inogona kureva kuti pasta inofanira kubika kwenguva yakareba sei, asi usaivimba nayo. Maminitsi mashomanana zvisati zvafanirwa kuitwa, shandisa hove chigamba wochivhuna; mukati-kati iwe uchaona nzvimbo yakachena yepasta isina kubvumira iyo inonyatsozivikanwa seyimaima, kana mweya we pasta. Ramba uchibika paseta kusvikira anima ichingozara. Pano unodonha pasta, uchipa imwe kana mbiri yakanaka kuzunungusa kubvisa mvura zhinji (icharamba ichingotora mvura kwemaminiti maviri kana maviri), ichiendesa iyo mundiro, idzai muto muiri uye inoshumira. Iko nguva dzose pfungwa yakanaka yekuchengetedza zvimwe zvepasita yekubika mvura paunenge uchidhonza-isa ndiro mumudziyo uri pasi pecolander yako kuitira kuti uwane mamwe emvura yakanyoroveswa. Iwe unogona kushandisa ladleful ye pasta yekubika mvura kuti ushandise ndiro dzinoshumira (spoon a ladleful yemukuru wepasta mvura mumudziyo umwe neumwe unoshandiswa, unofungira iyo kuti inopisa ndiro, uye urege kubvisa mvura) uye / kana kutapira muto wako uye tibatsire kunamatira kune yakapfuura, kana zvichidikanwa.
Sezvakasiyana-siyana, kana muto unenge wakachena mvura, taurira penne rosé , uite kuti uite setip cooks, uye apo pasta inongonyangadza kuitika, kuidha uye kuendesa ichiri kuidonha ku muto. Dzorera kupisa kusvika kumusoro uye udonhedze pasta mumupu; sezvo inopedza kubika, inotora muto uye inonaka zvakanyanya zviri nani.
Pamitambo yekudyira, pasta yakagadzirwa nenzira ino inonzi strascicata kana saltata mu padella. Kune mazana emapatta mapapiro panzvimbo ino; tora pa pasta sauces uye mapeji ekufambisa kunzira yekufamba kusvika kuruboshwe kuti uuye kwavari.