Ndekupi kofi kutanga?
Munyika, kofi ndiyo chikamu chikuru cheEtiopiya uye Yemenite nhoroondo. Izvi zvinoreva chimiro zvakadzokera kumashure mazana emakore mazana mapfumbamwe apfuura, iyo apo apo coffee (kana kuti isina) yakawanikwa muYemen (kana Ethiopia) zvichienderana neaunokumbira).
Pasinei nokuti ikhofi yakatanga kushandiswa muEtiopiya kana Yemen inyaya yehurukuro uye nyika imwe ine nheyo dzaro, nhoroondo, uye chokwadi.
Itiopia yaKafiri Kubva Nhema
Nyaya inonyanyozivikanwa yekofi muEthiopia inowanzoenda chimwe chinhu chakadai:
Kaldi, an Abyssinian mbudzi weKafa, aive achifudza mbudzi dzake kuburikidza nenzvimbo yepamusoro pedyo nenzvimbo yemamongi. Akacherechedza kuti vakanga vachizvibata zvakanyanya zuva iroro, uye vakanga vatanga kutamba-famba nenzira inofadza, vachidanidzira nenzwi guru, uye vachitamba vachitamba pamakumbo avo.
Akaona kuti chikonzero chechifaro chakanga chiduku shrub (kana, mune dzimwe nhoroondo, masango maduku emashizha) ane bhenje yakatsvuka yakajeka. Chido chakatora uye akaedza ma berries.
Kufanana nembudzi yake, Kaldi akanzwa zvinokonzera migumisiro yehairi cherries. Mushure mokuzadza zvikwama zvake nemabriji matsvuku, akakurumidza kumusha kumudzimai wake, uye akamukurudzira kuti aende kumusha wevanamwari kuti agoverane "denga rakatumirwa" majiki nemamonki.
Paakazosvika kumusha wemamende, maKhafi yehafi yaKafi haana kukwaziswa nemufaro, asi nekuzvidza. Mumwe monki ainzi Kaldi's bounty "basa raDhiyabhorosi" ndokukandira mumoto.
Zvisinei, maererano nenyaya, kunhuhwirira kwehwanda hwekudya kwakakwanira kuita kuti vatongi vape ruzivo urwu mukana wechipiri. Vakabvisa kofi kubva mumoto, vakaapwanya kuti vadzimise huni dzinopenya uye vakavafukidza nemvura inopisa mumuputi kuitira kuchengetedza iwo.
Vose vemamoni muimba yemamoni vakanzwa kunhuhwirira kwekofi uye vakauya kuzoedza.
Zvakafanana nemamori ekudhawa kweBhudha veChinese neJapan, madhenari aya akawana kuti kukwidziridzwa kwekofi kwakabatsira pakuchengeta vakamuka pakushumira kwavo mumweya kweminyengetero uye zvinyoro zvitsvene. Vakapika kuti kubvira panguva iyoyo vachanwa doro idzva zuva rega rega semubatsiro kunamato avo echitendero.
Zvisinei, nhau iyi haina kuonekwa mukunyora kusvika AD 1671. Inowanzoonekwa seapokirifa pane kuti ive chokwadi chechokwadi chekofi yakabva.
Yemen's Coffee Origin Myths
Saizvozvowo, kune dzimwe mbiri dzekafi dzinotangira nheyo.
- Imwe inofanirwa kuwanikwa kwekofi ku Yemenite Sufi mystic Ghothul Akbar Nooruddin Abu al-Hasan al-Shadhili.
- Mumwe wacho anoti ikhofi 'yakawanikwa' nemudzidzi weSheik Abou'l Hasan Schadheli, Sheikh Omar, uyo aigara seanorarama kuMocha, Yemen.
Nheyo yekutanga (iyo inonyanya kukosha kana ichienzanisa neKaldi myth) inorondedzera mavambo ekofi sezvinotevera:
Al-Shadhili aifamba neEtiopia, zvichida pane zvekunamata. Akasangana nedzimwe shiri dzinesimba dzakange dzichidya chibereko chebindu re bunn (rinozivikanwa pane imwe nzvimbo semuriwo wekofi). Achinetseka kubva parwendo rwake, akasarudza kuedza ma berries uyu uye akawana kuti akabudisa simba rakasimba maari.
Iyi nhema inonakidza pakuti yakachengetedzwa muYemen, asi inofanirwa kuti yakabva kupiko kuEtiopiya.
Yechipiri yekofi yakabva kuYemen inoti ikhofi yakatanga kuYemen. Nhau yacho inofanana neizvi:
Sheikh Omar, chiremba-mupirisita uye muteveri weSheik Abou'l Hasan Schadheli kubva kuMocha, Yemen, akaendeswa kune imwe nzvimbo yemurenje pedyo negomo reOusab.
Maererano nerimwe rondedzero yenhema, uku kutapwa kwaive kune imwe nzira yekudarika tsika. Maererano neimwe shanduro, Omar akadzingwa nokuti aiita mishonga pamambokadzi panzvimbo ye tenzi wake (uyo akanga ari pamubhedha wake). Mushure mekumuporesa, akasarudza "kumuchengeta" (tsanangura kuti sezvaunoda). Akatapwa nemambo sekurangwa.
Mushure mekunge imwe nguva yekutapwa uye pakupera kwekushaya nzara, Omar akawana ma berries matsvuku emutirofi uye akaedza kuzvidya.
Maererano neimwe shanduro yenyaya yacho, shiri yakamuvigira bazi rinotakura kofi rinotapira pashure pokunge achishevedzera achiora mwoyo nokuda kwekutungamirirwa kubva kuna tenzi wake, Schadheri.
Zvisinei, akavawana vaine shungu kwazvo kuti vasadya mbishi, saka akakandira ma berries mumoto, achitarisira kubvisa urombo hwavo. Iyi inyanzvi 'yekucheka' yakaomesa ma berries mumoto. Vakanga vasina kukodzera kucheka, saka Omar akaibika kuti aedze kuzvideredza.
Sezvavaibika, akacherechedza kunhuwirira kunofadza kwemvura yakasvibira uye yakasarudza kunwa iyi decoction panzvimbo yekudya nyemba. Akawana chinwa ichi chichidzorera uye akagoverana nyaya yake nevamwe.
Mune imwe shanduro yenyaya yacho, Omar akawana mahairi akaoma kuti ave anonaka uye akasarudza kuvaita soup. Apo iyo yakabikwa kahawa cherry yakabviswa, 'soup' yakava chimwe chinhu chakafanana nechinwiwa chatinoziva sekofi.
Nhau yekumwa kweOmar inokurudzira yakakurumidza kusvika kumusha weMocha. Kutapwa kwake kwakasimudzwa uye akarayirwa kuti adzokere kumba nemabriji aakawana. Kudzokera kuMocha, akagovera huni hwekofi uye kunwa kwekofi nevamwe, vakawana kuti 'yakaporesa' zvirwere zvakawanda.
Hazvina nguva refu vasati vanyora kofi sechishamiso chemishonga uye Omar saiye mutsvene. Imwe imba yakavakwa muMocha mukukudzwa kwaOmar.
Ethiopian Coffee Origin History
Zvinofungidzirwa kuti chimiro chakanaka cheKaldi chikave chiripo munharaunda yeAAD 850. Nhoroondo iyi inowirirana nechitendero chinowanzoitwa kuti kukura kwekofi kwakatanga muEthiopia munenge muzana remakore rechigumi nemana. Zvisinei, vamwe vanotenda kuti kofi yaimirirwa kare AD 575 mu Yemen.
Nhoroondo yeKaldi, mbudzi, nemamonki inoratidza kuti kofi yakawanikwa seinosimudzira uye sechinwa pazuva rimwechete. Zvisinei, zvinonyanya kukosha kuti mbesa dzekhofi dzaidzingwa seinosimudzira kwemazana emakore zvisati zvaitwa soro.
Mbeu inogona kunge yakave yakasanganiswa ne ghee (yakajekeswa butter) kana nemafuta ezvipfuwo kuti uite danda rakaoma. Izvi zvingadai zvakakonzerwa mumabhora maduku uye zvinopedzwa sezvinodikanwa zvemasimba mumafambi akareba.
Vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanofunga kuti tsika iyi yekucheka kofi yehafi yakaunzwa (pamwe chete nekofi pachayo) kubva kuKaffa kusvika kuHarrar neArabia nevasungwa veSudan avo vakatsvaga kofi kuti vabatsire kurarama rwendo rwakaoma rwendo rweMuslim rwekutengesa varanda. Zvichida, varanda veSudan vakatora tsika iyi yekucheka kofi kubva kurudzi rweGalla rweItiopiya.
Mazuva ano, tsika yekudya pasi kofi muGhee inoramba iri mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeKaffa neSidamo. Saizvozvowo, muKaffa, vamwe vanhu vanowedzera kanyoro kakanyatsonyotirwa mukafu yavo yakaita kuti vaite kuti zvive zvakakosha uye zvakanyanya kuwedzera tambo (yakafanana nehope pu - erh chai yeTibet).
Maererano nemamwe mabhuku, pakange panewo nzira yekudya kofi sevhareji. Iyi nzira yekupedza kofi inogona kuonekwa pakati pemamwe marudzi mazhinji emarudzi eEthiopia munharaunda yezana remakore rechigumi.
Zvishoma nezvishoma, kofi yakazozivikanwa sechinwiwa muEtiopia uye mberi. Mune mamwe madzinza, makaburiki ekofi akange apwanyika uye akaviriswa kuva rudzi rwewaini. Mune vamwe, mahafihhishi ekofi akave akachekwa, ivhu, ndokuzobikwa mu decoction.
Zvishoma nezvishoma, tsika yekubika kofi yakabata ndokupararira kune imwe nzvimbo. Pakazosvika zana remakore rechi13, kofi yakapararira munyika yeIslam, kwairemekedzwa semishonga yakasimba uye rubatsiro rukuru rwekunyengetera. Yakabikwa zvakadai semishonga yemishonga decoctions yakabikwa - nokuda kwekukura nesimba.
Iwe unogona kuwana mararamiro ewaini inopisa muEtiopia, Turkey, uye zhinji yeMediterranean. Aya anozivikanwa sekhofi yeEtiopia, kofi yeTurkey, kofi yechiGiriki , nezvimwewo.
Yemen's Coffee History
Kunyange zvazvo kune nhoroondo dzakawanda dzekhofi yemakore inotangira nezana remakore rechigumi nemana uye mberi, uchapupu hwekutanga hwechokwadi hwevanhu hunobatanidza nemuriwo wekofi hunobva kubva pakati pezana remakore rechi15, panguva yaidyiwa mumatunhu eSufi eYemen. Zvisungo zvakashandisa kofi kuti varambe vakamuka uye vakangwarira panguva yokunamata kwavo kweusiku uye maawa akawanda ekunyengetera.
Zvisinei, inowanzofungidzirwa kuti mbesa dzekhofi dzaitengeswa kubva kuEtiopia kuenda kuYemen uye kuti vatengesi vekuMemeni vakazouya nemiti yekukohwa zvakare kumisha yavo ndokutanga kuirima imomo.
Yemen ndiyowo inotangira izwi rokuti 'mocha,' iro rinowanzoshandiswa kureva chocolate-flavored coffees (yakadai se mocha latte ) nhasi.
- Pakutanga, izwi rokuti 'mocha' rinoreva kuguta reMocha, iro raiva guru rekutengeserana reMocha maitiro emhondi yekhofi - rudzi rwekofi yakakosha nokuda kwekunaka kwayo.
- Vamwe vanodavira kuti Marco Polo akazvitenga mahafi muMocha paaienda.
- Yakanga isati yavapo kusvika muzana remakore rechi17 ruzivo rwekofi (uye rinonyadzisa 'mocha') rakapararira kuEurope.