Chikafu chechiJudha 101: Kuratidzwa Kwakasimba Kwezvakakosha Zvokudya

Chii, chaizvoizvo, chikafu chechiJudha? Vamwe vanogona kutaura kuti ndicho chikafu chinodyiwa nevaJudha, uye / kana chimwe chekudya chinokanganisa. Asi zviri pachena kuti kudarika kukuru, uye uyo anorega kufunga kuti kudya kwechiJudha, kwakatorwa sese, inoshamisa, yakasiyana-siyana, yepasi rose, inokonzerwa nemhepo. Kune vakawanda, ndiko kudya kwekwenyama yavo (kureva Ashkenazi, Sefadi, Mizrachi, etc.) - kunyanya Shabbat yemazuva uye nguva yezororo-iyo inonyora se "vaJudha". Asi zvinogona kutora encyclopedia (zvishoma!) Kuvhara kuwanda kwechokwadi kwechiJudha cookery uye tsika dzekudya. Chaizvoizvo, The Encyclopedia of Jewish Food , nemukuru wezvakaitika kare wezvokudya wezvokudya Rabbi Gil Marks, inyanzvi yekuongorora nyaya yacho. Cookbooks , zvakare, inogona kupa zvakawanda zvekutsanangurira-kusataurira mukana wekutora-zvakanakisisa zvekudya zvechiJudha. Kuti uite kuti utange, heino muongororwo wemamwe mapikicha echidimbu, pamwe chete neruzivo pamatafura akafanana pakati pavo.

• 01 ye 09

  Shabbat uye Holiday Breads

  Chingwa ( chikafu muchiHeberu) chakanga chiri dombo rekona yezvokudya muIsraeri yekare, uye rakabatawo mutambo unokosha kune vose maTemberi nemitambo yezororo. Kuti nyika yeJudhiya yakagadzira tsika dzakasimba dzakabatana nechingwa saka hazvirevi. Kunyange zvazvo nzvimbo dzechiJudha munyika dzakawanda dzaiwanzogamuchira chingwa chemauto avo, nyika dzakasununguka dzakabatanidzwa (kunyange zvazvo vamwe, kufanana nechallah , vaiwanzogadziriswa nechingwa chakakurumbira munharaunda yakapoteredza). Zvimwe zvikafu zveShabbat zvinosanganisira:

  • Jachnun, chikafu cheJenenite chinogadzirwa usiku hwose uye chinoshandiswa kweSabbat kwemasikati nemamato uye nemoto inotyisa zvechug .
  • Kubaneh, chimwe chikafu chinokonzerwa neYemenite, chinokanganisa mararamiro, uye dzimwe nguva inowedzerwa nemazai ega.
  • Dabo, chingwa chinotapira, chinotapira, chinonhuwira chakafadzwa neBeta Israel VaEtiopiya paShabbat uye mazororo. Kunyange zvazvo injera inodyiwa mukati mevhiki inoitwa kubva kuhupfu hwefu, iyo inogadzirwa kubva pagorosi.
  • Matzo, chinhu chisina mbiriso zviviri-chigadziko chisina kuviriswa, chingwa chePasika chinonyanya kukosha. (Kana iwe uchifunga nezvayo seye giant cracker, cherechedza kuti matzo yepakutanga yaive yakakanganisika, chingwa che-laffa , uye kuti vamwe vachiri kuchengetedza tsika yaidanwa se "soft matzo."

  Nezvokudya zvezuva nezuva, pita, bagels , bialy uye malawach (chingwa che Yemenite chinowanzozivikanwa muIsrael) ndechomwe kune avo vanobatana zvikuru nezvokudya zvechiJudha.

• 02 of 09

  Appetizers

  Mune mauto nyika yeSefaridi neMizrahi vaJudha, kudya kunowanzotanga nechisarudzo chekufambisa, kwakashandira mezze style; chimiro chekudya ichi chakagamuchirwa nevechiJudha pamwe chete. Ashkenazi muJudha, zvakare, vave vachikoshesa marate-kuzarura ndiro, pakupedzisira kugovera izwi rechipiri rokuti "chido chekufambisa" chekuchenesa icho chakapa kupararira uye hove inopfungidzirwa kunotanga (kana dzimwe nguva kuita) kudya. Zvikwereti zvekare zvinosanganisira:

  • Chiropa chakasvibiswa chakave chichirumbira nekuda kwevaJudha vekuFrance yekare, avo vakagadzira mabhesi zve schmaltz (kubika mafuta), uye vakazoshandisa mafuta ane mafuta. (Kubwinya kweFrance kunokonzerwa nemafuta kwakabva pane izvi.) Nhasi, chiropa chinopunjwa chinowanzogadzirwa kubva kune huku kana chiropa chechipfuwo.
  • Carciofi alla Giudia , kana chiJudha chikafu chakachekwa artichokes, iRoma yechiJudha chikafu chinowanzozivikanwa mumitambo yeItaly. Artichokes, iyo inokurukurwa muTalmud, yaionekwa se "vaJudha" yemiriwo, uye yaiva nekuda kwezviitiko zvakadai izvo vasiri vaJudha vechiItaly vakazvitambira. Zvinoshamisa kuti, artichokes idzva hadzina kufarirwa munharaunda dzakawanda dzeOrthodox dzechiJudha, nekuda kwekutinetsa pamusoro pezvipembenene zvinokonzerwa nezvipembenene
  • Pickles zvemarudzi ose anozivikanwa munyika yose yechiJudha. Garlic dill cucumber pickles ndeyekushanya kweAshkenazi, asi am, kana kuti mango yakabikwa, yakapararira kubva kuvaJudha veBagdhad kuenda kuIraq. Koliflower yakasanganiswa yakaisvonaka inowanikwa muIsrael, asi miorivhi, iyo inonyanya kurapwa kuburikidza ne pickling, ine kukosha kunokosha seimwe yeMarudzi Anomwe eIsrael .
  • Gundi, chiPezhiya chechiJudha chinoshandiswa, inosviwa dumplings yakagadzirwa kubva muupfu hwechickpea uye pasi yehuku kana huturuki. Dzinoshandiswa sezvipfeti, kana kuwedzerwa kune muto.
  • Zvimwe zvipfeko zvinowanzozivikanwa zvinosanganisira mazamu akadai se hummus, matboucha uye baba ghanoush, zvipfeko zvakanakisa zvakadai se-bourekas uye mashizha uye gefilte hove kana hove inoputa .

• 03 of 09

  Slow Cooked Shabbat Stews

  Nokuti kubika kunorambidzwa paShabbat, vabiki vevaJudha vakagadzira mapepa ekudzivirira kwezvokudya zvaizosimudza (kana zviri nani zvakadaro, zvichivandudza mukanaka) pazvigadzirwa zvishoma uye zvichiri kudziya. Pano pane zvimwe zvakasiyana:

  • Cholent, kunyange zvazvo yakabatana zvikuru neEastern Europe yevaJudha, zvichida yakatanga kuFrance. Izvi zvinonaka, sejasi-sejasi zvinowanzobatanidza nyuchi, bhari, mbatata uye nyemba.
  • Kune zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana paDafina, Moroccan Shabbat stew. Nzombe uye huku, mbatatisi, chickpeas, mu-shell mazai, mashizha, mupunga uye bhari kana gorosi majiroti ndevamwe vezvakawanda zvinowanikwa.
  • Tabeet iIraqi ndiro yeJudha yemupunga-yakakanyiwa huku iyo inononoka yakabikwa mumubhedha wemupunga mukuru, zvinonhuwira uye in-shell mazai.
  • Doro ot , iyo nyika yenyika yeEthiopiya, inoshandiswawo neSabb ezvinyorwa zveBeta Israel vaJudha. Mutsara unosanganisira chicken, anyanisi, yose mu-shell mazai uye zvinonhuwira kusanganisira musanganiswa wakasiyana unonzi berbere.

• 04 of 09

  Soups

  Soup is elemental, nourishing and constant in cuisines around the world-including Jewish diaspora cuisine. Soups kazhinji inoratidza avo vanofadzwa nemitambo yevagari vemunharaunda, uye inoshandiswa nekodher. Zvimwe zvekunakirwa zvinosanganisira:

  • Matzo ball soup, Ashkenazi classic, yakagadzirwa nemukaka wekuku uye matzo kudya-based dumplings.
  • Schav, souled sorrel, uye borscht , chirongo chebeet, kune dzimwe nguva dzeEast Europe dzinodiwa.
  • Harira, nhengo ye lentil-based ne pasta uye dzimwe nguva nyama, inofarirwa nevaMoroccan vaJudha, uye inowanzoshandiswa kuputsa (kana dzimwe nguva kutanga) kutsanya, zvakadai seYom Kippur kana Tisha B'Av.
  • Gundi, mupurosi wePezhiya, inosanganisira chikafu chinokamba chicken ne chickpea uye chicken dumplings.

• 05 of 09

  Main Dishes

  Kwezororo uye Shabbat inodya zvakanyanya, zvikafu zvinowanzoratidzika sepakatipiece yekudya. Iconic ndiro munyika yeAshkenazi inosanganisira nyama yakakangwa kana yakashongedzwa, yakadai seBrisket. Kabichi yakakanyiwa inogona kushandiswa sechikumbiro kana huru huru. Zvokudya zvekuku, zvakare, zvinowanikwa pasi rose kune vaJudha munyika yose. Uye mumhenderekedzo yeMediterranean neMediterranean, hove inokoshawo zvakare. Moroccan tajines , uye maPreshresh khoreshts , zviya zvakadai sezvokudya zvinowanzobatanidza miriwo uye nyama, zvinowanikwawo zvekare.

• 06 of 09

  Side Dishes

  Miti nemashizha emarudzi ose vanoita nzira yavo muzvidimbu zvakasara. Kune Ashkenazim, kugels yemakumbo ose ndiwo maonero emakona. Kasha Varnishkes , kana zvibvumirano zvakasungwa nemafuta ekugadzirwa kwechingwa, ndeimwe yekare yekunyaradza zvokudya. Tabouli, miriwo yemiti yakasarudzwa , vakomana, tajines uye ndiro dzakawanda dzinogona kuita basa reviri sezvipfeti kana kuti ndiro huru midziyo muSefardi neMizrahi zvekudya.

• 07 of 09

  Holiday Specialties

  Zuva rezororo rezvokudya zvinowanzosiyana pakati peAshkenazi, Sefair, uye Mizrahi vaJudha. Asi mune dzimwe nyaya dzinokosha, pane zvinowanzoitika zvinoshamisa. Semuenzaniso, panguva yezororo rePaseka, matzo inonyanya kuratidza, sezvakaitwa charoset , chibereko nemichero yakakosha kuSeder kudya. Iko, hongu, kuenzana kwakasiyana-siyana pa charoset , iyo inoratidza zvose zviripo kuwanikwa uye chikafu chikuru. Asi charoset pachayo inogara iri nguva dzose, iyo haisi iyo imwe yezvokudya zvezororo. Semuenzaniso paPurimu, vaJudha veAshkenazi vanofarira hamantaschen , apo Sefaridi inosarudza nzvimbo yakadzika yakabikwa inorehwa kusimudzira nzeve dzaHamani. PaRosh Hashana, vaJudha veAshkenazi vanogona kudya uchi kana kugadzirira tzimmes kuti vimbise gore idzva rinotapira, apo Sefardi naMizrahi vaJudha vanogona kunakidzwa nekutsvaga kweSeder-kufanana kwezvokufananidzira zvekudya . MaLatke ndiwo anofanira kuAshkenazim paHanukkah, asi vaJudha vechiGiriki vangasarudza Loukoumades .

• 08 of 09

  Israel Food

  Mazuva ano Israeri ndeyekupedzisira sopu yepamusoro pazvinosvika kune diaspora cuisine-seimba yevaJudha munharaunda inotinhira kubva kumativi ose enyika, yakaiswa mune imwe nyika duku, kune zvakawanda zvekugadzirisa zvekudya, pakati pevaJudha uye pakati pevaIsrael nevavakidzani vavo veArabhu. Zvokudya zveIconic zvinosanganisira falafel , shakshouka uye bourekas , inoita setihini uye zchug, zvinhu zvekudya zvakadai se labneh uye gvina levana, zvinonhuwira zvakadai sa'azatar uye sumac. Uye iyo yakakurumbira yekudya kwekudya kweIsrael isiri yega yayo.

• 09 of 09

  Desserts

  Sweets dzemarudzi ose anofadzwa paShabbat uye mazororo, ayo akabatsira kuvashandura muzviito zvekufananidzira. Mamwe acho ndeezororo chaiyo, sai hamantaschen uye sufganiot . Dzimwe sweets dzinoshamwaridzana dzinosanganisira rugelach, babka, maamoul, chiPezhiya chickpea makiki anozivikanwa saNan-e Nokhodchi, anonzi anonzi Apple Cake yechiJudha , halvah uye Middle Eastern pudding malabi.